PI decision

The purpose of this research study is to compare the uterus tissue of women who receive an intrauterine system to treat their endometrial hyperplasia with the uterine tissue of women who receive megestrol acetate to treat their hyperplasia. While both methods are commonly used in practice, investigators would like to see what effects each treatment has on uterine tissue.

Primary Objective: To determine if Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system is of equal efficacy to the standard systemic progestin therapy (megestrol acetate) based on endometrial sampling at 6 months after randomization. Non-inferiority analysis.

Secondary Objective(s):

• To determine the safety of each treatment modality.
• Determine the feasibility of transvaginal ultrasound to predict treatment response.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Complex atypical endometrial hyperplasia only. Confirmed by pathology report.
• Normal renal function and liver function tests.
• Age 18 or older.
• The effects of megestrol acetate on the developing human fetus at the recommended therapeutic dose are unknown. For this reason and because megestrol acetate is known to be teratogenic, women of child-bearing potential and men must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry and for the duration of study participation. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Prior complex atypical endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma.
• Prior hormone sensitive malignancy.]
• Exogenous estrogen or progestin use presently or within the past 12 months.
• Standard contraindications to progestin therapy.
• Standard contraindications to intrauterine device use.
• Simple hyperplasia, complex hyperplasia without atypia (may be present in addition to atypical endometrial hyperplasia).
• Endometrial carcinoma (worrisome or possible carcinoma not exclusionary but requires dilatation and curettage if based only on office biopsy).
• Pregnant women are excluded from this study because megestrol acetate has the potential for teratogenic or abortifacient effects. Because there is an unknown but potential risk for adverse events in nursing infants secondary to treatment of the mother with megestrol acetate, breastfeeding should be discontinued if the mother is treated with megestrol acetate.

Women of all races and ethnicity who meet the eligibility criteria are eligible for this trial. Men are excluded from participation due to the site-specific nature of the disease being studied (endometrial hyperplasia).