effect of rehabilitation program in the intervention arm

physical therapy 24 hrs after surgery

Pain in the shoulder/arm was assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS) with a scoring system of 0-10 (0 = no pain; 1-3; mild pain, 4-6; moderate pain, 7-10 severe pain)

Shoulder mobility (flexion [0-180°], abduction [0-180°]) was measured by using a digital inclinometer under standardized conditions. Patients were maintained in a seated position for all movements to minimize compensatory movements of the trunk.

by using Quick DASH scale (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand) questionnaire. The Quick DASH consists of 11 items that allow for cumulative and multiple assessments of a patient over time, and each item has 5 response options. According to the Quick DASH scale scoring system, the scale scores are calculated and ranging from 0 (no functional disability) to 100 (most severe disability)

measured while the patient stabilized in a seated position with the elbow in 90 degrees of flexion and squeezes three times the dynamometer with each hand.

Patients' QoL was assessed by using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) scale. FACT-G (version-4) is a validated, self-reported multi-dimensional, 27-items questionnaire measuring QoL for breast cancer patients with 1 4-points Likert scale (0-108). The FACT-G comprises of 4-subscales: Physical Well-being (PWB: 7-items; score range 0 to 28), Social Well-being (SWB: 7-items; score range 0 to 28), Emotional Well-being (EWB: 6-items; score range 0 to 24), Functional Well-being (FWB: 7-items; score range 0 to 28)

Assess for clinical effect size (ES) worth investigation, sample recruitment strategy, adherence to study protocol, and adverse events in preparation to conduct a larger definitive study.