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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5R01MD016744 | U.S. NIH Grant/Contract | View source |
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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| The Fortune Society | UNKNOWN |
| University of Bristol | OTHER |
| National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD) | NIH |
| Cepheid |
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Given the likelihood of COVID-19 remaining an endemic disease among high-risk populations, establishing effective mitigation interventions will be critical to stemming community transmission. Criminal justice-involved individuals are extremely important to reducing community-based SARS-CoV-2 transmission due to their increased risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 while incarcerated and their likelihood of living in congregate settings after incarceration. The investigators will evaluate an onsite Point-of-Care SARS-CoV-2 testing and education strategy in a corrections-focused community-based organization and its impact on improving testing uptake, mitigation behaviors(e.g. mask wearing, hand hygiene, social distancing, vaccine uptake when available), and cost-effectiveness.
The United States(U.S.) has experienced higher mortality than any other nation due to COVID-19 with nearly 13.5 million cases and over 268,103 deaths. Due to the limited ability to socially distance, poor ventilation, and limited hygiene supplies, U.S. prisons and jails have observed explosive transmission of SARS-CoV-2 accounting for the 10 largest U.S. outbreaks. Because 95% of criminal justice-involved individuals reenter societyCOVID-19 transmission extends beyond those who are currently incarcerated. As justice-involved individuals reenter the community, they face high rates of homelessness, and many others live in other congregate settings such as converted hotels and halfway houses. The increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 while incarcerated coupled with the likelihood of living in congregate settings after incarceration, create conditions ripe for rapid COVID-19 transmission that will be critical to address in order to gain control of COVID-19 in the U.S. The goal of this study is to test the impact and cost-effectiveness of an intervention to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission among justice-involved individuals recently released from incarceration. The investigators will conduct a randomized trial to compare the effectiveness of an onsite Point-of-Care SARS-CoV-2 testing and education intervention with community health workers (CHWs) as a central component compared to the standard of care at a community-based organization (CBO) that provides services to justice-involved individuals in New York City. The investigators will measure costs of testing, education, and navigation, and explore the cost-effectiveness of the onsite Point-of-Care intervention compared to the standard of care. The specific aims are to:1) Test the effectiveness of an onsite PoC SARS-CoV-2 intervention in a corrections-focused CBO; 2) Model the cost-effectiveness of an onsite PoC SARS-CoV-2 intervention among CJIs compared to SoC. Because testing, education, and navigation will be provided by CHWs in a culturally-sensitive environment and test results will be received in minutes (rather than days), the investigators hypothesize that O-PoC will be associated with improved testing uptake and receipt of test results, mitigation behaviors (mask wearing, hand hygiene, social distancing), and those who attend more O-PoC sessions will have better adherence to mitigation behaviors.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| onsite Point-of-care (o-POC) | Experimental | CHWs will reach out to participants to schedule O-PoC visits. At O-PoC visits, CHWs will provide: 1. COVID-19 education; 2. PoC Cepheid XpertXpressSARS-CoV-2PCR tests; 3. Needs assessments and facilitated access to masks and hygiene supplies; 4. Navigation to vaccination sites (when available) and single-room housing at Fortune's supportive housing sites and partnering shelters or alternative strategies that will maximize the ability to socially distance for those who test PCR positive; 5. Supportive counseling. Due to SCT's emphasis on social influence, external and internal social reinforcement, we propose our O-PoC intervention delivered by CHWs onsite at Fortune locations over a 12-month period will lead to increased uptake of mitigation behaviors. |
|
| Standard of Care (SOC) | No Intervention | The current standard of care (SoC) for SARS-CoV-2 testing for Fortune clients is referral to offsite community testing sites and informal, unstructured education. In the SoC arm, Fortune staff will provide clients with a list of offsite SARS-CoV-2 testing locations, which are published online and available to all NYC residents. Those without insurance are not subject to a copay. Participants in SoC will continue to receive Fortune's suite of services as they are delivered (remote and/or in-person) at the time of study participation. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Onsite Point-of-care | Behavioral | Guided by Social Cognitive Theory, O-PoC will employ CHWs with lived experience of incarceration to provide: 1) COVID-19 education; 2) SARS-CoV-2 testing with Cepheid XpertXpress PCR tests at Fortune facilities; 3) Needs assessments and facilitated access to masks and hygiene supplies; 4) Navigation to vaccination sites (when available) and single-room housing at Fortune's supportive housing sites and partnering shelters, or alternative strategies that will maximize the ability to socially distance for those who test PCR positive; 5) Supportive counseling. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Testing Uptake | Testing uptake will be defined as the number and percentage of participants who had tests performed and will be determined using program logs and healthcare record extraction. To measure testing uptake, a dichotomous outcome of having at least one complete SARS-CoV-2 test over the 12-month study period, defined as having a test performed with results received by participants within two weeks of the test being conducted, was used. | Up to 12 months |
| Number of Participants Who Completed SARS-CoV-2 Tests | The number/percentage of participants who completed at least one SARS-CoV-2 test for the whole 12-month study period (up to 5 tests available) is summarized by study arm. | Up to 12 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Masking Adherence | Masking adherence behavior was measured using a composite weighted variable estimating how frequently participants engaged in activities with potential COVID-19 exposure and how often they wore a mask during those activities in the previous two weeks. Initial response options were 1=Always, 2=Most of the time, 3=Sometimes, 4=Rarely or 5=Never. Responses were combined and standardized to a scale of 1 to 100 with higher scores indicating greater masking adherence. Results are summarized by study arm using descriptive statistics. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Matthew Akiyama, MD MSc | Albert Einstein College of Medicine Montefiore Medical Center | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fortune Society | Long Island City | New York | 11101 | United States | ||
| Montefiore Medical Center |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 32240582 | Background | Akiyama MJ, Spaulding AC, Rich JD. Flattening the Curve for Incarcerated Populations - Covid-19 in Jails and Prisons. N Engl J Med. 2020 May 28;382(22):2075-2077. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp2005687. Epub 2020 Apr 2. No abstract available. | |
| 32197116 | Background | Kinner SA, Young JT, Snow K, Southalan L, Lopez-Acuna D, Ferreira-Borges C, O'Moore E. Prisons and custodial settings are part of a comprehensive response to COVID-19. Lancet Public Health. 2020 Apr;5(4):e188-e189. doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30058-X. Epub 2020 Mar 17. No abstract available. |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| Johns Hopkins University. COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU) | View source |
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572 participants were screened and 250 were randomized into the study. Of the 322 participants who were not enrolled into the study, 247 participants did not meet all of the eligibility criteria, 75 did not show up for the enrollment visit.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Onsite Point-of-care (o-POC) | CHWs will reach out to participants to schedule O-PoC visits. At O-PoC visits, CHWs will provide: 1. COVID-19 education; 2. PoC Cepheid XpertXpressSARS-CoV-2PCR tests; 3. Needs assessments and facilitated access to masks and hygiene supplies; 4. Navigation to vaccination sites (when available) and single-room housing at Fortune's supportive housing sites and partnering shelters or alternative strategies that will maximize the ability to socially distance for those who test PCR positive; 5. Supportive counseling. Due to SCT's emphasis on social influence, external and internal social reinforcement, we propose our O-PoC intervention delivered by CHWs onsite at Fortune locations over a 12-month period will lead to increased uptake of mitigation behaviors. |
| FG001 | Standard of Care (SOC) | The current standard of care (SoC) for SARS-CoV-2 testing for Fortune clients is referral to offsite community testing sites and informal, unstructured education. In the SoC arm, Fortune staff will provide clients with a list of offsite SARS-CoV-2 testing locations, which are published online and available to all NYC residents. Those without insurance are not subject to a copay. Participants in SoC will continue to receive Fortune's suite of services as they are delivered (remote and/or in-person) at the time of study participation. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
|
Customized sex/gender and race/ethnicity fields were required for this study. Summarized data is reported accordingly.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Onsite Point-of-care (o-POC) | CHWs will reach out to participants to schedule O-PoC visits. At O-PoC visits, CHWs will provide: 1. COVID-19 education; 2. PoC Cepheid XpertXpressSARS-CoV-2PCR tests; 3. Needs assessments and facilitated access to masks and hygiene supplies; 4. Navigation to vaccination sites (when available) and single-room housing at Fortune's supportive housing sites and partnering shelters or alternative strategies that will maximize the ability to socially distance for those who test PCR positive; 5. Supportive counseling. Due to SCT's emphasis on social influence, external and internal social reinforcement, we propose our O-PoC intervention delivered by CHWs onsite at Fortune locations over a 12-month period will lead to increased uptake of mitigation behaviors. |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Testing Uptake | Testing uptake will be defined as the number and percentage of participants who had tests performed and will be determined using program logs and healthcare record extraction. To measure testing uptake, a dichotomous outcome of having at least one complete SARS-CoV-2 test over the 12-month study period, defined as having a test performed with results received by participants within two weeks of the test being conducted, was used. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | Up to 12 months |
|
enrollment through end of follow up, up to 12 months
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Onsite Point-of-care (o-POC) | CHWs will reach out to participants to schedule O-PoC visits. At O-PoC visits, CHWs will provide: 1. COVID-19 education; 2. PoC Cepheid XpertXpressSARS-CoV-2PCR tests; 3. Needs assessments and facilitated access to masks and hygiene supplies; 4. Navigation to vaccination sites (when available) and single-room housing at Fortune's supportive housing sites and partnering shelters or alternative strategies that will maximize the ability to socially distance for those who test PCR positive; 5. Supportive counseling. Due to SCT's emphasis on social influence, external and internal social reinforcement, we propose our O-PoC intervention delivered by CHWs onsite at Fortune locations over a 12-month period will lead to increased uptake of mitigation behaviors. |
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| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incarceration | Social circumstances | Non-systematic Assessment | Incarceration during study protocol |
Not provided
| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matthew Akiyama | Montefiore Medical Center | 7189207175 | matthew.akiyama@einsteinmed.edu |
Not provided
| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | Mar 27, 2024 | Apr 29, 2026 | Prot_SAP_001.pdf |
| ICF | No | No | Yes | Informed Consent Form | Feb 10, 2025 | Jul 14, 2025 | ICF_000.pdf |
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000086382 | COVID-19 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011024 | Pneumonia, Viral |
| D011014 | Pneumonia |
| D012141 | Respiratory Tract Infections |
| D007239 | Infections |
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Not provided
| INDUSTRY |
The investigators will conduct a randomized trial to assess the effectiveness of an onsite Point-of-Care testing and education intervention (O-PoC) compared to standard of care (SoC) at The Fortune Society (Fortune). The current SoC includes a referral to offsite community testing. Guided by Social Cognitive Theory, in O-PoC we will employ CHWs with lived experience of incarceration to provide: 1) COVID-19 education; 2) SARS-CoV-2 testing with Cepheid XpertXpress PCR tests at Fortune facilities; 3) Needs assessments and facilitated access to masks and hygiene supplies; 4) Navigation to vaccination sites (when available) and single-room housing at Fortune's supportive housing sites and partnering shelters, or alternative strategies that will maximize the ability to socially distance for those who test PCR positive; 5) Supportive counseling.
Not provided
Not provided
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Not provided
|
| 12 months post-enrollment |
| Social Distancing Behavior | Social distancing measured the participants' social distancing behavior by their responses to the following question: "Overall, on a scale of 1-100, how often did you stay greater than 6 feet away from others when you were not masked in the past 2 weeks? Higher scores were indicative of more frequent social distancing. Results are summarized by study arm using descriptive statistics. | 12 months post-enrollment |
| Hand Washing Adherence | Participants' hand washing behavior was measured by the following question: Overall, on a scale of 1-100, how often did you wash hands after shaking hands with or touching surfaces that were touched by someone else in the past two weeks? Higher scores were indicative of more frequent hand washing behavior. Results are summarized by study arm using descriptive statistics. | 12 months post-enrollment |
| Mitigation Measures | The number/percentage of participants who reported mitigation behaviors in at least one biweekly smartphone survey is summarized by study arm. | 12 months post-enrollment |
| The Bronx |
| New York |
| 10467 |
| United States |
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| 32040038 | Background | Frimpong JA, Shiu-Yee K, Tross S, D'Aunno T, Perlman DC, Strauss SM, Schackman BR, Feaster DJ, Metsch LR. Bundling Rapid Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Testing to Increase Receipt of Test Results: A Randomized Trial. Med Care. 2020 May;58(5):445-452. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000001311. |
| 26936623 | Background | Frimpong JA, D'Aunno T, Perlman DC, Strauss SM, Mallow A, Hernandez D, Schackman BR, Feaster DJ, Metsch LR. On-site bundled rapid HIV/HCV testing in substance use disorder treatment programs: study protocol for a hybrid design randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2016 Mar 3;17(1):117. doi: 10.1186/s13063-016-1225-4. |
| 32382743 | Background | Rosenberg ES, Dufort EM, Blog DS, Hall EW, Hoefer D, Backenson BP, Muse AT, Kirkwood JN, St George K, Holtgrave DR, Hutton BJ, Zucker HA; New York State Coronavirus 2019 Response Team. COVID-19 Testing, Epidemic Features, Hospital Outcomes, and Household Prevalence, New York State-March 2020. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Nov 5;71(8):1953-1959. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa549. |
| 32562601 | Background | Jing QL, Liu MJ, Zhang ZB, Fang LQ, Yuan J, Zhang AR, Dean NE, Luo L, Ma MM, Longini I, Kenah E, Lu Y, Ma Y, Jalali N, Yang ZC, Yang Y. Household secondary attack rate of COVID-19 and associated determinants in Guangzhou, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020 Oct;20(10):1141-1150. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30471-0. Epub 2020 Jun 17. |
| 32845525 | Background | Dinnes J, Deeks JJ, Adriano A, Berhane S, Davenport C, Dittrich S, Emperador D, Takwoingi Y, Cunningham J, Beese S, Dretzke J, Ferrante di Ruffano L, Harris IM, Price MJ, Taylor-Phillips S, Hooft L, Leeflang MM, Spijker R, Van den Bruel A; Cochrane COVID-19 Diagnostic Test Accuracy Group. Rapid, point-of-care antigen and molecular-based tests for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Aug 26;8(8):CD013705. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013705. |
| 32422408 | Background | Pasomsub E, Watcharananan SP, Boonyawat K, Janchompoo P, Wongtabtim G, Suksuwan W, Sungkanuparph S, Phuphuakrat A. Saliva sample as a non-invasive specimen for the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019: a cross-sectional study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021 Feb;27(2):285.e1-285.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.05.001. Epub 2020 May 15. |
| 42335913 | Derived | Akiyama MJ, Kaba-Diakite F, Dimaulaluan M, Riback LR, Antigua JR, Holmes CS, Ackerman MF, Castillo A, Linder M, Day RF, Travers A, Cunningham CO, Deng Y, Zhang C, Fox AD. Mitigation of COVID-19 through onsite testing and education among formerly incarcerated individuals (the MOSAIC study): an open-label, single-centre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Public Health. 2026 Jul;11(7):e457-e467. doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(26)00093-9. |
| Federal Bureau of Prisons - Inmate Ethnicity Statistics | View source |
| The Marshall Project. A State-by-State Look at Coronavirus in Prisons | View source |
| American Civil Liberties Union. COVID-19 Model Finds Nearly 100,000 More Deaths Than Current Estimates, Due to Failures to Reduce Jails | View source |
| Prison Policy Initiative - Jails versus Prison | View source |
| Covid-19: Testing Inequality in New York City | View source |
| No COVID-19 tests available for prisoners at center of New York outbreak, court documents show | View source |
| Audit of Brooklyn federal jail claims lack of COVID-19 tests may have masked size of outbreak New York Daily News. | View source |
| Nelson J. House Appropriations Committee Approves '21 Funding for DOJ Programs | View source |
| Cepheid. Sars-cov-2-test-development-information | View source |
| Evidence-Based, Cost-Effective Interventions To Suppress The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review | View source |
| Facemasks and similar barriers to prevent respiratory illness such as COVID-19 | View source |
| The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation - Daily deaths during the pandemic | View source |
| The National Reentry Resource Center. Reentry Services Directory | View source |
| Estimating QALY losses associated with deaths in hospital (COVID-19) | View source |
| Withdrawn from study |
|
| Death |
|
| BG001 | Standard of Care (SOC) | The current standard of care (SoC) for SARS-CoV-2 testing for Fortune clients is referral to offsite community testing sites and informal, unstructured education. In the SoC arm, Fortune staff will provide clients with a list of offsite SARS-CoV-2 testing locations, which are published online and available to all NYC residents. Those without insurance are not subject to a copay. Participants in SoC will continue to receive Fortune's suite of services as they are delivered (remote and/or in-person) at the time of study participation. |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| years |
|
| Sex/Gender, Customized | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| OG001 | Standard of Care (SOC) | The current standard of care (SoC) for SARS-CoV-2 testing for Fortune clients is referral to offsite community testing sites and informal, unstructured education. In the SoC arm, Fortune staff will provide clients with a list of offsite SARS-CoV-2 testing locations, which are published online and available to all NYC residents. Those without insurance are not subject to a copay. Participants in SoC will continue to receive Fortune's suite of services as they are delivered (remote and/or in-person) at the time of study participation. |
|
|
|
| Primary | Number of Participants Who Completed SARS-CoV-2 Tests | The number/percentage of participants who completed at least one SARS-CoV-2 test for the whole 12-month study period (up to 5 tests available) is summarized by study arm. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | Up to 12 months |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Masking Adherence | Masking adherence behavior was measured using a composite weighted variable estimating how frequently participants engaged in activities with potential COVID-19 exposure and how often they wore a mask during those activities in the previous two weeks. Initial response options were 1=Always, 2=Most of the time, 3=Sometimes, 4=Rarely or 5=Never. Responses were combined and standardized to a scale of 1 to 100 with higher scores indicating greater masking adherence. Results are summarized by study arm using descriptive statistics. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 12 months post-enrollment |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Social Distancing Behavior | Social distancing measured the participants' social distancing behavior by their responses to the following question: "Overall, on a scale of 1-100, how often did you stay greater than 6 feet away from others when you were not masked in the past 2 weeks? Higher scores were indicative of more frequent social distancing. Results are summarized by study arm using descriptive statistics. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 12 months post-enrollment |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Hand Washing Adherence | Participants' hand washing behavior was measured by the following question: Overall, on a scale of 1-100, how often did you wash hands after shaking hands with or touching surfaces that were touched by someone else in the past two weeks? Higher scores were indicative of more frequent hand washing behavior. Results are summarized by study arm using descriptive statistics. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 12 months post-enrollment |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Mitigation Measures | The number/percentage of participants who reported mitigation behaviors in at least one biweekly smartphone survey is summarized by study arm. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 12 months post-enrollment |
|
|
|
| 1 |
| 125 |
| 0 |
| 125 |
| 16 |
| 125 |
| EG001 | Standard of Care (SOC) | The current standard of care (SoC) for SARS-CoV-2 testing for Fortune clients is referral to offsite community testing sites and informal, unstructured education. In the SoC arm, Fortune staff will provide clients with a list of offsite SARS-CoV-2 testing locations, which are published online and available to all NYC residents. Those without insurance are not subject to a copay. Participants in SoC will continue to receive Fortune's suite of services as they are delivered (remote and/or in-person) at the time of study participation. | 0 | 125 | 0 | 125 | 15 | 125 |
|
| Suicidal ideation | Psychiatric disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| Banned from Fortune Society | Social circumstances | Non-systematic Assessment | Unable to contnue study participation |
|
| Disenrolled (behavior) | Social circumstances | Non-systematic Assessment | Disenrolled due to inappropriate behavior towards research team |
|
| Disenrolled (relocated) | Social circumstances | Non-systematic Assessment | Relocated away from NYC and unable to continue study participation |
|
| Withdrew self | Social circumstances | Non-systematic Assessment | Withdrew self from study |
|
Not provided
Not provided
| D014777 |
| Virus Diseases |
| D018352 | Coronavirus Infections |
| D003333 | Coronaviridae Infections |
| D030341 | Nidovirales Infections |
| D012327 | RNA Virus Infections |
| D008171 | Lung Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
| GEE |
GEE models examined the association between O-PoC intervention dose and adherence to masking while accounting for individual level correlation. |
| 0.005 |
| Mean Difference (Final Values) |
| 4.90 |
| 2-Sided |
| 95 |
| 1.47 |
| 8.33 |
| Superiority |
| GEE |
GEE models examined association between O-PoC intervention dose and adherence to social distancing while accounting for individual level correlation. |
| 0.16 |
| Mean Difference (Final Values) |
| -3.22 |
| 2-Sided |
| 95 |
| -7.68 |
| 1.23 |
| Superiority |
| GEE |
GEE models examined the association between O-PoC intervention dose and adherence to masking while accounting for individual level correlation. |
| 0.92 |
| Mean Difference (Final Values) |
| 0.15 |
| 2-Sided |
| 95 |
| -2.86 |
| 3.15 |
| Superiority |