there is an increased incidence of renal stones, especially in the pediatric age group. the percutaneous approach in the pediatric age took a long time till it again accepted among surgeons worldwide. the prone position is the preferred approach to perform percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the pediatric age group. this study aims to compare supine versus prone position percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the pediatric age group.

The incidence of renal stones in the pediatric age group increased from 18.4 to 57.0% per100,000 children in the period from 1999 to 2008. The acceptance of PCNL in pediatrics was slow at first due to concerns of the small kidney size compared to relatively large instruments percutaneous nephrolithotomy in pediatric patients was conventionally performed in the prone position for historical reasons, being more familiar to surgeons and it was considered safer to avoid colonic injury.

Supine PCNL has several valuable advantages to pediatric patients in particular better irrigation shorter operative time with a comparable outcome with the prone position.

our study aims to assess the efficacy and the safety of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the supine position in comparison to the prone position in the pediatric age group.

Inclusion Criteria:

• patients aged from two to sixteen years old with single or multiple renal stones indicated for percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Exclusion Criteria:

• patients with renal anomalies, bleeding tendency, elevated kidney function tests for age, previous renal surgical intervention on the same site of intervention.
• patients with skeletal abnormalities and spine deformities were also excluded
• patients with a single kidney were also excluded

patients and the statistician were blinded to the type of the intervention