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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Kocaeli University | OTHER |
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This study aims to examine the sonoanatomy of the inguinal region in children according to age groups.
Regional anesthesia is frequently used in adults and children as part of multimodal analgesia or as a direct anesthesia method. Nowadays, these regional blocks can be applied more safely with the widespread use of ultrasound in daily clinical practice. Also, by identifying individual variations with ultrasound, the risk of block failure and possible complications has been minimized. Femoral nerve block and pericapsular nerve group block are now almost the first techniques used in hip and lower extremity surgeries or different indications. (1) Besides, these methods have become more advantageous in many aspects compared to spinal anesthesia in high-risk patients. However, to apply safe and successful regional anesthesia, both gross anatomy and sonoanatomy of the relevant region must be known well.
There are sufficient clinical and anatomical studies on these anesthesia methods applied in the inguinal region in adults, and there is no anatomical and anthropometric study in children. (2,3) However, well-known anatomic reference points for performing these blocks in adults may be different in children. (4) Therefore, with this study, we planned to develop appropriate anatomic reference points for these blocks in children by evaluating the relationship between sonography and inguinal region structures (such as distance, diameter measurement) in children's age groups.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Infants: 28 days - 12 month | inguinal sonoanatomy |
| |
| small children: 13 months - 36 months | inguinal sonoanatomy |
| |
| preschool age: 37 months - 72 months | inguinal sonoanatomy |
| |
| school age: 73 months - 9 years | inguinal sonoanatomy |
| |
| Preadolescant: >9 years - 12 years | inguinal sonoanatomy |
| |
| Adolescants: >12 years - 18 years | inguinal sonoanatomy |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ultrasound | Device | ultrasonography to inguinal region |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| femoral artery and femoral nerve distance (mm) | ultrasonographic measurements | 1 hour |
| Body weight (gr) | measured at ward | 1 hour |
| height (cm) | measured at ward | 1 hour |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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All pediatric patients within the predetermined age group
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Hande Gurbuz, Assoc. Prof. | Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital | Bursa | Yıldırım | 16310 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 30063657 | Result | Giron-Arango L, Peng PWH, Chin KJ, Brull R, Perlas A. Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) Block for Hip Fracture. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2018 Nov;43(8):859-863. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000847. | |
| 31022606 | Result | Orozco S, Munoz D, Jaramillo S, Herrera AM. Pediatric use of Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) block for hip surgical procedures. J Clin Anesth. 2019 Nov;57:143-144. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2019.04.010. Epub 2019 Apr 22. No abstract available. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000013 | Congenital Abnormalities |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009358 | Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014463 | Ultrasonography |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003952 | Diagnostic Imaging |
| D019937 | Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures |
| D003933 | Diagnosis |
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| 26337562 | Result | Frkovic V, Warmlander SK, Petaros A, Spanjol-Pandelo I, Azman J. Finger width as a measure of femoral block puncture site: an ultrasonographic anatomical-anthropometric study. J Clin Anesth. 2015 Nov;27(7):553-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2015.07.015. Epub 2015 Aug 31. |
| 10589630 | Result | Vloka JD, Hadzic A, Drobnik L, Ernest A, Reiss W, Thys DM. Anatomical landmarks for femoral nerve block: a comparison of four needle insertion sites. Anesth Analg. 1999 Dec;89(6):1467-70. doi: 10.1097/00000539-199912000-00028. |
| 30132074 | Result | Yoshimura M, Nakanishi T, Sakamoto S, Toriumi T. Age is a predictive factor in the femoral nerve positioning: an anatomical ultrasound study. J Anesth. 2018 Oct;32(5):777-780. doi: 10.1007/s00540-018-2544-2. Epub 2018 Aug 21. |
| 40165082 | Derived | Gurbuz H, Colak T. Evaluation of inguinal sonoanatomy regarding pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block in children: the relation of femoral artery, femoral nerve, lateral femoral cutaneous nerve and iliopsoas notch. BMC Anesthesiol. 2025 Mar 31;25(1):144. doi: 10.1186/s12871-025-03020-2. |