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The purpose of this study is to determine whether the consumption of a carbohydrate, carbohydrate plus protein, or placebo sports drink during a 2-hour recovery period effectively moderates performance decrements during a subsequent bout of high-intensity exercise. This information will benefit any endurance-trained masters class athlete who may need to compete or train multiple times a day.
To test the hypothesis, this study will utilize a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled between-subject design to examine the effects of carbohydrate (CHO) and carbohydrate-protein (CHO-P) supplementation on short-term recovery following aerobic interval exercise (INT) and time to exhaustion (TTE) testing in maters class athletes. After completing the informed consent and screening process (Visit #1), each participant will be assessed for their anthropometric measures as well as body composition and will complete a graded exercise test to volitional exhaustion on a cycle ergometer to determine VO2peak. Forty-eight to 72 hours after Visit #1, or VO2peak testing, participants will return to the lab for familiarization with the INT exercise protocol and TTE test (Visit #2). Within forty-eight to 72 hours after familiarization (Visit #2), participants will return to the lab for Visit #3 to complete INT exercise and TTE, a 2-hour passive recovery period including the consumption of one of three treatments (CHO, CHO-P, PLA), followed by repeated INT exercise and TTE, heart rate variability and sweat rate determination. Participants will also complete the Nutritional Recovery Practices, Knowledge, and Beliefs of Australian Triathletes survey during the 2-hour recovery period. Participants will be asked to complete the ASA24®, an automated self-administered 24-hour dietary assessment tool during the 5-9-day period between familiarization (Visit #2) and the experimental protocol (Visit #3).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbohydrate | Active Comparator | Carbohydrate in the amount of 1.2 g/kg of body weight (bw). Gatorade®, Chicago, IL, USA. |
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| Carbohydrate-Protein | Active Comparator | Carbohydrate in the amount of 0.8 g/kg bw (Gatorade®, Chicago, IL, USA) plus protein in the amount of 0.4 g/kg bw (biPro Elite, Agropur Inc., Appleton, WI, USA). |
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| Placebo | Placebo Comparator | Flavored water (G Zero, Gatorade®, Chicago, IL, USA). |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbohydrate | Dietary Supplement | Participants have a one in three chance of consuming a carbohydrate beverage between two bouts of high-intensity exercise. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Exhaustion (TTE) | Participants cycle for as long as possible at 90% of peak power output (watts) | Visit #3 (Day 7) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Heart Rate Variability (HRV) | R-R intervals recorded via a heart rate monitor and Elite HRV will be downloaded and analyzed using a laptop with commercially available HRV analysis software. Root mean square of the successive differences of R-R intervals (RMSSD) values will be recorded during the 90% TTE and then post-exercise every 5 min (end of TTE, 5min, 10min, 15min, 20min, 25min, 30min). | Visit #3 (Day 7) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Jeffrey Stout, PhD | University of Central Florida | Study Chair |
| Erica Goldstein, MS | University of Central Florida | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Central Florida | Orlando | Florida | 32816 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 31188694 | Result | McCarthy DG, Spriet LL. Performance Effects of Carbohydrate Ingestion Between Bouts of Intense Aerobic Interval Exercise. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2020 Feb 1;15(2):262-267. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2019-0239. Epub 2019 Jun 12. | |
| 27097042 | Result | Alghannam AF, Jedrzejewski D, Bilzon J, Thompson D, Tsintzas K, Betts JA. Influence of Post-Exercise Carbohydrate-Protein Ingestion on Muscle Glycogen Metabolism in Recovery and Subsequent Running Exercise. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2016 Dec;26(6):572-580. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.2016-0021. Epub 2016 Aug 24. |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | Apr 1, 2021 | Apr 21, 2021 | Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
| ICF | No | No | Yes | Informed Consent Form | Apr 1, 2021 | Apr 23, 2021 | ICF_002.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002241 | Carbohydrates |
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Participants will be randomized to one of three groups: isocaloric carbohydrate (1.2 g/kg of body weight), carbohydrate-protein (0.8 g/kg body weight carbohydrate + 0.4 g/kg body weight protein), or placebo (flavored water). All three beverages will have a similar appearance and taste and participants will be blinded to the contents. All beverages will contain the same volume of fluid (1 liter).
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The primary investigator will not be blinded to the treatment groups. However, both the research assistants responsible for administering the experimental protocol (aerobic interval and time to exhaustion testing) and the participants will be.
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| Carbohydrate-Protein | Dietary Supplement | Participants have a one in three chance of consuming a carbohydrate-protein beverage between two bouts of high-intensity exercise. |
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| Placebo | Dietary Supplement | Participants have a one in three chance of consuming a placebo beverage between two bouts of high-intensity exercise. |
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| Sweat Rate (SR) | Sweat rate will be determined based on the difference between pre-and post-weight changes for each bout of exercise, the amount of fluid consumed during the recovery period, and total exercise time in minutes. | Visit #3 (Day 7) |
| 16775553 | Result | Berardi JM, Price TB, Noreen EE, Lemon PW. Postexercise muscle glycogen recovery enhanced with a carbohydrate-protein supplement. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006 Jun;38(6):1106-13. doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000222826.49358.f3. |