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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| U19AI089683 | U.S. NIH Grant/Contract | View source |
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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Kamuzu University of Health Sciences | OTHER |
| Michigan State University | OTHER |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) | NIH |
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A school-based, prospective, cohort study was conducted to evaluate the epidemiology of P. falciparum (Pf) infections in school-age children and determine the impact of the screen-and-treat approach on Pf infection and anemia prevalence among students in two different transmission settings. Investigators aimed to evaluate how frequently malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRDTs) fail to detect low-parasite-density infections as well as whether low-density infections contribute to the burden and health consequences of Pf infection in school-age children and whether they contain gametocytes, the parasite stage required for transmission from humans to mosquitos.
Students were enrolled in four schools in southern Malawi in the rainy (March-May) and dry season (Sept-Nov) of 2015. 15 students per grade-level (grades 1-8), were invited to participate. Following enrollment, students were evaluated at baseline for screening-and-treatment, and followed-up 1, 2 and 6 weeks later. At each follow-up visit, a blood sample was obtained for microscopy and molecular detection of parasites and students were interviewed about bed net use the night prior, current or recent illness, and use of antimalarial treatment. At the final visit, a mRDT and hemoglobin test were repeated, and parents were interviewed and portable medical records ("health passports") were reviewed to identify intercurrent fever or malaria treatment.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| All students | All participating students were screened for Pf infection using malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRDTs) and treated if positive. All were followed 1, 2, and 6 weeks after screening-and-treatment. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Screening and treatment | Other | Students were screened by mRDTs and treated with artemether-lumefantrine if positive |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| P. falciparum infection | Any stage Pf infection detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) | 6 weeks after screening |
| P. falciparum gametocyte presence | Pfs25 quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR | 6 weeks after screening |
| P. falciparum gametocyte density | Pfs25 quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR | 6 weeks after screening |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Microscopic P. falciparum infection | Pf infection detected by microscopy | 6 weeks after screening |
| Anemia | Hb measured by Hemocue and categorized using WHO age and gender specific values |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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15 students per grade (1 through 8) were randomly sampled in four primary schools
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Miriam Laufer, MD | University of Maryland, Baltimore | Principal Investigator |
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 33767384 | Result | Cohee LM, Valim C, Coalson JE, Nyambalo A, Chilombe M, Ngwira A, Bauleni A, Seydel KB, Wilson ML, Taylor TE, Mathanga DP, Laufer MK. School-based screening and treatment may reduce P. falciparum transmission. Sci Rep. 2021 Mar 25;11(1):6905. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-86450-5. | |
| 35290461 | Derived | Cohee LM, Peterson I, Buchwald AG, Coalson JE, Valim C, Chilombe M, Ngwira A, Bauleni A, Schaffer-DeRoo S, Seydel KB, Wilson ML, Taylor TE, Mathanga DP, Laufer MK. School-Based Malaria Screening and Treatment Reduces Plasmodium falciparum Infection and Anemia Prevalence in Two Transmission Settings in Malawi. J Infect Dis. 2022 Aug 12;226(1):138-146. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiac097. |
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data will be available via a publicly available database, such as ClinEpiDB
After results publication
Public access with registration to allow tracking
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008288 | Malaria |
| D016778 | Malaria, Falciparum |
| D000740 | Anemia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011528 | Protozoan Infections |
| D010272 | Parasitic Diseases |
| D007239 | Infections |
| D000096724 | Mosquito-Borne Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008403 | Mass Screening |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D000077611 | Artemether, Lumefantrine Drug Combination |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019937 | Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures |
| D003933 | Diagnosis |
| D006306 | Health Surveys |
| D011795 | Surveys and Questionnaires |
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| 6 weeks after screening |
| D000079426 |
| Vector Borne Diseases |
| D006402 | Hematologic Diseases |
| D006425 | Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases |
| D003625 | Data Collection |
| D004812 | Epidemiologic Methods |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
| D003954 | Diagnostic Services |
| D011314 | Preventive Health Services |
| D006296 | Health Services |
| D005159 | Health Care Facilities Workforce and Services |
| D017531 | Health Care Evaluation Mechanisms |
| D011787 | Quality of Health Care |
| D017530 | Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation |
| D011634 | Public Health |
| D004778 | Environment and Public Health |
| D015980 | Public Health Practice |
| D000077549 | Artemether |
| D037621 | Artemisinins |
| D017382 | Reactive Oxygen Species |
| D005609 | Free Radicals |
| D007287 | Inorganic Chemicals |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D000078102 | Lumefantrine |
| D005449 | Fluorenes |
| D011084 | Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons |
| D006841 | Hydrocarbons, Aromatic |
| D006844 | Hydrocarbons, Cyclic |
| D006838 | Hydrocarbons |
| D012717 | Sesquiterpenes |
| D013729 | Terpenes |
| D011083 | Polycyclic Compounds |
| D004338 | Drug Combinations |
| D004364 | Pharmaceutical Preparations |