The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Iodine-125 brachytherapy together with chemotherapy compared with surgical resection followed by concomitant radiochemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma.

This is a prospective, multicentric open-label trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Iodine-125 brachytherapy together with chemotherapy compared with surgical resection followed by concomitant radiochemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma.

The primary efficacy outcome was evaluated with progression-free survival (PFS).

Inclusion Criteria:

• 1. Diagnosis of glioblastoma confirmed by histology
• 2. Age: 18-75 years old
• 3. Single lesion located in one hemisphere with a diameter between 2 and 6 centimeters
• 4. No prior anticancer therapy for glioblastoma besides biopsy.
• 5. ECOG PS：0-2 point

Exclusion Criteria:

• 1. Infra-tentorial tumor or tumor involves the ependymal surface.
• 2. Nonmeasurable disease.
• 3. Evidence of uncontrolled intracranial pressure.
• 4. Severe heart, brain, and lung diseases.
• 5.Severe hepatic or renal dysfunction.
• 6. Uncontrolled, active infection.
• 7. Severe clotting dysfunction.
• 8. Pregnant.
• 9. Uncontrolled hypertension.
• 10. Participated in any other clinical treatment trial within 4 weeks before randomization.
• 11. Severe vascular diseases within 6 months before randomization.
• 12. Participants who received major surgical treatment within 4 weeks or were expected to be treated during the trial.