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Dairy products represent an important food group in human nutrition as a source of calcium, protein, functional fats and low-glycaemic sugar lactose. While traditionally consumed natural milk and yogurt have low sugar content, many flavoured liquid dairy products such as chocolate milk, or fermented products such as yogurt have added sugar. Our recent studies have shown that the partial reduction of added sugar in chocolate milk and yogurt is not associated with any inferior sensory characteristics such as taste and pleasantness compared to their full-sugar counterparts. The current project will investigate whether the liquid dairy products with reduced sugar content (value-added products) have any benefits on blood glucose control in humans.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chocolate milk with a regular added sugar content | Experimental | Dairy product with a regular sugar content |
|
| Chocolate milk with a reduced added sugar content | Experimental | Dairy product with a reduced sugar content |
|
| Yogurt with a regular added sugar content | Experimental | Dairy product with a regular sugar content |
|
| Yogurt with a reduced added sugar content | Experimental | Dairy product with a reduced sugar content |
|
| Energy-free control | Experimental | Potable water |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food | Other | Dairy products with regular and reduced sugar content and water control. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Blood glucose | The concentration of blood glucose | 0-120 minutes |
| Insulin | The concentration of blood glucose | 0-120 minutes |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Satiety | The components of average subjective appetite including desire to eat, hunger, fullness, and a prospective food consumption measured with 100mm visual analogue scales. | 0-120 minutes |
| Food intake |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Bohdan Luhovyy, PhD | Mount Saint Vincent University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mount Saint Vincent University | Halifax | Nova Scotia | B3M 2J6 | Canada |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D009765 | Obesity |
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D001835 | Body Weight |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005502 | Food |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000066888 | Diet, Food, and Nutrition |
| D010829 | Physiological Phenomena |
| D019602 | Food and Beverages |
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Treatments will be blinded. The Investigator will be blinded.
Energy intake with an ad libitum meat at 120 minutes
| 120 minutes |
| Thirst | The subjective perception of thirst measured with 100mm visual analogue scales containing the question "How thirsty do you feel?" and two statements on each pole of 100mm line: "Not thirsty at all" (0mm) and "As thirsty as I have ever felt" (100mm). | 0-120 minutes |
| Physical comfort | The subjective feeling of wellness and gastrointestinal discomfort parameters including the feeling of nausea, stomach cramps, flatulency, diarrhea and a subjective feeling of wellness, each measured with 100mm visual analogue scales. | 0-120 minutes |
| Food pleasantness | The perception of pleasantness of the treatments (0 min) and a test meal (at 120 min) will be measured with 100mm visual analogue scale. | at 0 and 120 minutes |
| D012816 |
| Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |