Selective PRevention Through transdiagnOstiC Intervention for Adolescents at Risk of Emotional Disorders (PROCARE)
Selective PRevention Through transdiagnOstiC Intervention for Adolescents at Risk of Emotional Disorders (PROCARE)
Emotional disorders (anxiety and/or depression) are severely undiagnosed and untreated despite being among the most common mental disorders, particularly at a young age. Half of all mental disorders begin by age 14; three-quarters by age 24, which makes adolescence a particularly crucial stage. In adolescence, prodromal signs of mental disorders and even full-blown clinical conditions often remain undetected, undiagnosed and untreated. However, there is an absence of evidence-based protocols to reach at-risk youth for developing emotional disorders. There is an urgent need for a paradigm shift by developing intervention protocols to early identify and treat at-risk adolescents, thus preventing them from developing severe mental disorders later on in life. Mental health selective prevention is key to helping at-risk adolescents thrive before emotional disorder evolves. To cover this gap, PROCARE is conceptualized as a modularized selective preventive programme for adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. Using personalized medicine approach, PROCARE will allow to tailor intervention protocols according to the particular needs of an individual, but also to identify vulnerable people according to risk factors. Adolescents will be stratified based on risk and resilience status and allocated to a 3-arm intervention trial, delivered as a group, face-to-face or telehealth format, depending on Covid19 restrictions imposed by government. By the very first time, PROCARE as selective intervention for at-risk adolescents will deliver specific add-on modules to tackle risk factors evidenced by adolescents, along with a core intervention. The PROCARE protocol aims to reduce the effect of risk factors and enhance protective factors that will eventually lead to lasting positive effects for adolescents. PROCARE will combine quantitative analysis, with special attention to vulnerable groups in a sex/gender disaggregated way. The PROCARE project is expected to have a far impact ultimately contributing to preventing and reducing the prevalence of mental disorders in the young. The outcomes of PROCARE will contribute to identifying and treating adolescents at risk for emotional mental at an early stage, before they incur personal, societal and economic cost. PROCARE will be culturally-adapted and implemented as a multicenter Randomized-Controlled Trial (RCT). PROCARE will be designed to be an acceptable, scalable, and sustainable selective prevention program.
OBJECTIVES The general objective of PROCARE is to design, implement and evaluate a selective preventive intervention for adolescents aged 12-18 at risk of emotional disorders like anxiety and depression. The core intervention will be based on the Unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders in adolescents (UP-A), already proven as effective in the US, but adapted with selective prevention purposes thanks support of main author of the protocol (Prf. Ehrenreich-May). By the very first time, PROCARE as selective intervention for at-risk adolescents will deliver specific add-on modules to tackle risk factors evidenced by adolescents. So, PROCARE will be flanked with a preliminary risk and resilience factor stratification, according to the identified users' and stakeholders' needs in order to empower emotional regulation, building resilience and coping capacities. It will be culturally-adapted and designed to be an acceptable, scalable, and sustainable selective prevention program.
The specific objectives of the PROCARE project are:
The preventive approach outlined in PROCARE is aimed at serving as a blueprint to timely detect and intervene in young people at risk and to contribute to the promotion of emotional mental health in the young.
The PROCARE project will bundle the resources for the improvement of health and wellbeing at early ages. This action will be focused on preventing emotional problems by a sequenced approach to skill development, resilience, an explicit implementation guidelines and effective training to mental health providers.
METHODOLOGY The methodology was designed in order to achieve the project's objective of presenting a novel approach to treating adolescents at risk of developing emotional disorders, in response to current trends for selective prevention and personalized medicine. PROCARE working plan will be divided into 3 interconnected stages. Firstly, in order to identify adolescents at risk of suffering emotional disorders (anxiety and depression), the following self-reports will be administered to adolescents: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to evaluate adolescents at-risk of emotional disorders, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) to assess resilience, and the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale-30 (RCADS-30) will screen for presence/absence of emotional symptomatology. Second, putative risk factors will be collected by adolescents, parents and teachers in those adolescents who are retained. These factors will serve for stratification for tailoring add-on intervention modules according to the particular needs of every subject but also to know which risk factors are the best indicators to: (i) identify subjects at risk, (ii) predict response to the selective preventive intervention (PROCARE) and to (iii) define short- and long-term mechanisms of action of the selective preventive intervention (PROCARE). Valuing voices from stakeholders and end-users, the investigators will focus on the study of the influence of the above-described variables. Third, the investigators will test a selective preventive intervention using multi-center randomized control trial and personalised medicine approach. Special attention will be paid to particularly vulnerable young people, such as disabled, refugees, immigrants, or minorities (national, ethnic, linguistic, religious, and sexual).
IMPACT The need to include mental health among the first priorities of the public health agenda has been increasingly recognized over the past decades. The outcomes of the PROCARE project will have a far impact ultimately contributing to preventing and reducing the prevalence of mental disorders in the young. These problems are wide-ranging, long-lasting, and enormous and impose a range of costs on individuals, families and communities. The outcomes of the project, if successful, will have far reaching implications, contributing to identifying and treating adolescents at risk for emotional mental at an early stage, before they incur personal, societal and economic cost.
Inclusion Criteria: