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With the progression of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic there's an increasing number of patients recovering from COVID19. Some of these patients still experience hypoxemia and therefore are still in need of a long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT), usually provided as a constant-flow. However, during a patient's daily activities, oxygenation levels may vary and the same constant flow may not be suitable for all tasks. Studies in COPD patients suggest that an automatic oxygen titration, which adjusts the oxygen flow automatically according to a patient's blood oxygen levels to prevent desaturations, could be beneficial compared to a constant oxygen titration during exercise.
So far there are no studies available that directly compare the automatic oxygen titration with the patient's prescribed constant oxygen flow in patients with hypoxemia after SARS-CoV-2 infection during activities of daily life. Therefore, the primary outcome of this study is to investigate the effects of an automatic oxygen titration (O2matic, Denmark) in comparison to constant oxygen flow rates as prescribed according to guidelines.
Rationale
After an infection with SARS-CoV-2, some patients still experience hypoxemia even after being discharged from the hospital. Long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) is then used to increase the patients blood oxygen level and prolong the time spent within the SpO2 target range, decreasing the probability of severe hypoxemia or at least lowering the time spent in this severe hypoxemia and all in all enhance the patient's endurance. A prescription for LTOT is usually given for constant flow rates which might vary during day- and night use.
This study is a randomized, controlled cross-over trial. Its aim is to investigate the effects of an automatic oxygen titration in patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection on the blood oxygen saturation level during activities of daily life (walking). Secondary, the effects of using an automatic titration on endurance, pCO2 blood level as well as heart rate and breathing frequency are compared to using the prescribed constant flow oxygen therapy.
Design:
Each patient undergoes a series of shuttle walk tests. After an initial incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) to determine the patient's maximum walking speed, the patient undergoes 2 endurance shuttle walk tests (ESWTs) at 85% of the maximum walking speed. One of these ESWTs is performed with the prescribed constant oxygen flow, the other with the O2matic automatic oxygen titration in a random order.
In addition to the shuttle walk tests, patient will perform two stair walking tests, again one with the prescribed constant oxygen flow, the other with the O2matic automatic oxygen titration in a random order.
Furthermore, patients will be asked to rate their experienced comfort after each ESWT and to name their preferred oxygen titration system.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| ESWT Order A and B | Experimental | First Endurance Shuttle Walk Test using the automatic oxygen titration (O2matic) with the target range being 90 - 94% SpO2, the second Endurance Shuttle Walk Test using the prescribed constant flow oxygen therapy. |
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| ESWT Order B and A | Experimental | First Endurance Shuttle Walk Test using the prescribed constant flow oxygen therapy, the second Endurance Shuttle Walk Test using the automatic oxygen titration (O2matic) with the target range being 90 - 94% SpO2. |
|
| Stairs Order A and B | Experimental | First Stair Walking Test using the automatic oxygen titration (O2matic) with the target range being 90 - 94% SpO2, the second Stair Walking Test using the prescribed constant flow oxygen therapy. |
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| Stairs Order B and A | Experimental | First Stair Walking Test using the prescribed constant flow oxygen therapy, the second Stair Test using the automatic oxygen titration (O2matic) with the target range being 90 - 94% SpO2. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oxygen therapy | Other | Oxygen therapy during ESWTs and Stair Walking Test: one test using the prescribed constant oxygen flow and one using an automatic oxygen titration system. SpO2 target range: 90 - 94% |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change of oxygen saturation during the endurance shuttle walk Tests | SpO2 measured by continuous transcutaneous recording via Sentec-Digital Monitor® (Sentec, Therwil, Switzerland) | Day 2, 3 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change of transcutaneous pCO2 during ESWTs | tc pCO2 measured by continuous transcutaneous recording via Sentec-Digital Monitor® (Sentec, Therwil, Switzerland) | Day 2, 3 |
| Change of heart rate during ESWTs and stair walking tests |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Andreas R Koczulla, Prof. Dr. med. | Philipps University Marburg | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Klinikum Berchtesgadener Land, Schön Kliniken | Schönau am Königssee | Bavaria | 83471 | Germany |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 27794080 | Background | Lellouche F, L'Her E, Bouchard PA, Brouillard C, Maltais F. Automatic Oxygen Titration During Walking in Subjects With COPD: A Randomized Crossover Controlled Study. Respir Care. 2016 Nov;61(11):1456-1464. doi: 10.4187/respcare.04406. Epub 2016 Oct 18. | |
| 25359356 | Background | Singh SJ, Puhan MA, Andrianopoulos V, Hernandes NA, Mitchell KE, Hill CJ, Lee AL, Camillo CA, Troosters T, Spruit MA, Carlin BW, Wanger J, Pepin V, Saey D, Pitta F, Kaminsky DA, McCormack MC, MacIntyre N, Culver BH, Sciurba FC, Revill SM, Delafosse V, Holland AE. An official systematic review of the European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society: measurement properties of field walking tests in chronic respiratory disease. Eur Respir J. 2014 Dec;44(6):1447-78. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00150414. Epub 2014 Oct 30. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000860 | Hypoxia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012818 | Signs and Symptoms, Respiratory |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010100 | Oxygen |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D018011 | Chalcogens |
| D004602 | Elements |
| D007287 | Inorganic Chemicals |
| D005740 | Gases |
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Heart rate measured by continuous transcutaneous recording via Sentec-Digital Monitor® (Sentec, Therwil, Switzerland)
| Day 2, 3, 4 |
| Change of respiratory rate during ESWTs | Respiratory rate measured by ApneaLink Air™ | Day 2, 3 |
| Change of time to desaturation (SpO2 ≤ 90%) and to severe desaturation (SpO2 ≤ 85%) during ESWTs and Stair Walking Tests | SpO2 measured by continuous transcutaneous recording via Sentec-Digital Monitor® (Sentec, Therwil, Switzerland) and O2matic Device. | Day 2, 3, 4 |
| Change of Endurance time (s) | Change of Walking Duration during the ESWT and Stair Walking Tests | Day 2, 3, 4 |
| Change of capillary partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) during endurance shuttle walk tests | pCO2 measured by capillary blood gases taken before and after the ESWT | Day 2, 3 |
| Change of capillary partial pressure of O2 (pO2) during endurance shuttle walk tests | pO2 measured by capillary blood gases taken before and after the ESWT | Day 2,3 |
| Patients preference due to oxygen delivery system | Patients will be asked to rate their experienced comfort after each ESWT | Day 3 |
| Change of number of stairs | Change of the number of stairs the patient was able to climb during Stair Walking Tests | Day 4 |
| 32217783 | Background | Prieur G, Combret Y, Medrinal C, Arnol N, Bonnevie T, Gravier FE, Quieffin J, Lamia B, Reychler G, Borel JC. Energy conservation technique improves dyspnoea when patients with severe COPD climb stairs: a randomised crossover study. Thorax. 2020 Jun;75(6):510-512. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-214295. Epub 2020 Mar 26. |