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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research | OTHER |
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Background: physical inactivity is a main cause of childhood obesity. Physical activity on prescription (PAP) is an evidence-based intervention for adults, but has not been evaluated in children with obesity.
Aim: to evaluate the feasibility of a PAP intervention for children with obesity by assessing both clinical patient outcomes and implementation outcomes.
Method: a single-arm clinical trial in which children with obesity participate in a 4-month PAP intervention. Measurement points are baseline and 4 months, with long-term follow-ups at 8 and 12 months.
Population: children with obesity.
Intervention: physical activity on prescription (PAP).
Patient outcomes: physical activity level/pattern (including sedentary time), BMI, waist circumference, metabolic risk markers, health-related quality of life, self-efficacy for physical activity, motivation for physical activity.
Implementation outcomes: coherence, cognitive participation, collective action, and reflexive monitoring in relation to PAP (the four core constructs of the Normalization Process Theory); appropriateness, acceptability and feasibility of PAP; barriers and facilitators for implementing PAP; recruitment and attrition rates, and intervention fidelity and adherence.
Physical inactivity is a main cause of childhood obesity which tracks into adulthood obesity, making it important to address early in life. Physical activity on prescription (PAP) is an evidence-based intervention developed in Sweden that has shown good effect on physical activity levels in adults, but has not been evaluated in children with obesity. This clinical study is nested in a larger research project aiming to assess the prerequisites, determinants, and feasibility of implementing PAP adapted to children with obesity in paediatric health care. Children's and parents' experiences of participating in the PAP intervention will also be explored.
In a first, pre-clinical trial, phase, healthcare providers and managers from 26 paediatric clinics in Region Västra Götaland, Sweden, will participate in a web-based survey, and a subset of this sample in a focus group study. Findings from these two data collections will form the basis for further development and adaptation of PAP to the target group and context.
In the project's second phase, this adapted PAP intervention will be evaluated in a clinical study in a sample of approximately 60 children with obesity, between 6 and 12 years of age, and one of their parents/legal guardians. Clinical and implementation outcomes will be assessed pre- and post-intervention, and at 8 and 12 months' follow-up. Clinical outcomes are physical activity level/pattern, BMI, waist circumference, metabolic risk markers (blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin resistance, and triglycerides), quality of life, self-efficacy and motivation for physical activity, and intervention satisfaction. Implementation outcomes are the four core constructs of the Normalization Process Theory; coherence, cognitive participation, collective action, and reflexive monitoring; appropriateness, acceptability and feasibility of the PAP intervention; barriers and facilitators for implementing PAP; recruitment and attrition rates, and intervention fidelity and adherence.
The clinical study is nested in a larger research project employing a hybrid implementation-effectiveness design. Design and analysis of the included studies is guided by the Normalization Process Theory.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physical activity on prescription | Experimental | Physical activity on prescription is a behaviour change intervention comprising 3 components: a person-centred pre-intervention dialogue, a written prescription for individually tailored physical activity, and a structured follow-up. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical activity on prescription (PAP) | Behavioral | The intervention in this study will comprise the 3 PAP components. Participants will take part in all components and perform one or several physical activities of their choice in accordance to the written prescription, at the prescribed frequency and duration, for a period of 4 months. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in physical activity level | Change in time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity, measured with accelerometry | 4, 8, 12 months after baseline |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in physical activity pattern | Change in sedentary time, time spent in low, moderate and vigorous physical activity, measured with accelerometry | 4, 8, 12 months after baseline |
| Change in BMI |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in healthcare practitioners' attitudes towards PAP in relation to the four core constructs of the NPT: coherence, cognitive participation, collective action, and reflexive monitoring | Coherence, cognitive participation, collective action, and reflexive monitoring will be assessed using the Swedish version of Normalization MeAsure Development (S-NoMAD) | Pre-implementation to post-intervention at 4 months, and long-term follow-up at 12 months |
Pre-trial phase/healthcare practitioner:
Inclusion criteria:
- being a healthcare practitioner or manager involved in the treatment of children with obesity at a paediatric healthcare clinic in Region Västra Götaland
Clinical trial/patients:
Inclusion criteria:
Exclusion criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Susanne Bernhardsson, Assoc. Prof. | Vastra Gotaland Region | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regionhälsan, Region Västra Götaland | Gothenburg | Sweden |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 35650617 | Derived | Bernhardsson S, Boman C, Lundqvist S, Arvidsson D, Borjesson M, Larsson MEH, Lundh H, Melin K, Nilsen P, Lauruschkus K. Implementation of physical activity on prescription for children with obesity in paediatric health care (IMPA): protocol for a feasibility and evaluation study using quantitative and qualitative methods. Pilot Feasibility Stud. 2022 Jun 1;8(1):117. doi: 10.1186/s40814-022-01075-3. |
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IPD will be shared upon reasonable request
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After completion of the study and publication of study results
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D063766 | Pediatric Obesity |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009765 | Obesity |
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
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|
Change in age- and sex adjusted BMI (measured as weight and height combined to BMI). This outcome will also be measured as BMI Standard deviation score (SDS)
| 4, 8, 12 months after baseline |
| Change in health-related quality of life | Change in self-reported health-related quality of life, measured with KIDSCREEN-10 | 4, 8, 12 months after baseline |
| Change in self-efficacy for physical activity | Change in perceived self-efficacy for physical activity, measured with the Self-efficacy for physical activity questionnaire | 4, 8, 12 months after baseline |
| Change in motivation for physical activity | Change in perceived motivation for physical activity, measured with the Motivation for physical activity questionnaire | 4, 8, 12 months after baseline |
| Intervention acceptability | Intervention acceptability will be measured with the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8) | Post-intervention at 4 months |
| Change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure | Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure will be measured in mmHg | Baseline to 12 months |
| Change in fasting plasma glucose | Change in fasting plasma glucose will be measured in mmol/litre | Baseline to 12 months |
| Change in Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) | Change in HbA1C will be measured in mmol/litre | Baseline to 12 months |
| Change in high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Change in high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol will be measured in mmol/litre | Baseline to 12 months |
| Change in fasting P-insulin | Change in fasting P-insulin will be measured in mIE/litre | Baseline to 12 months |
| Change in triglycerides | Change in triglycerides will be measured in mmol/litre | Baseline to 12 months |
| Change in healthcare practitioners' acceptability of the PAP intervention | Acceptability of PAP will be assessed using the Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM) | Pre-implementation to post-intervention at 4 months, and long-term follow-up at 12 months |
| Change in healthcare practitioners' appropriateness of the PAP intervention | Appropriateness of PAP will be assessed using the Intervention Appropriateness Measure (IAM) | Pre-implementation to post-intervention at 4 months, and long-term follow-up at 12 months |
| Change in healthcare practitioners' feasibility of the PAP intervention | Feasibility of PAP will be assessed using the Feasibility of Intervention Measure (FIM) | Pre-implementation to post-intervention at 4 months, and long-term follow-up at 12 months |
| D009750 |
| Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D001835 | Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |