The pathophysiology of preeclampsia (PE) is thought to be endothelial dysfunction responsible for the maternal signs of de novo hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks. Current concepts suggest that the pathophysiology of preeclampsia and intrauterine growth retardation results from an imbalance of angiogenic factors.

A new angiogenic factor EG-VEGF (Endocrine Gland- Derived Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) also known as Prokineticin 1 (PROK1) appears to be emerging in the pathophysiology of PE. EG-VEGF is a circulating factor which belongs to the family of prokinetics. Dr Alfaidy's MAB2 team at the Cancer and Infections Biology Laboratory (U1292 Biosanté INSERM / UGA / CEA, CEA Grenoble) demonstrated its key role in the control of key processes in placental development and provided evidence through the development of an animal model of preeclampsia. EG -VEGF is directly involved in the development of Pre-Eclampsia. Few studies have evaluated the expression of EG-VEGF in the human placenta.

Inclusion Criteria:

• All patients who have given birth by cesarean section at the maternity University Hospital Saint Etienne and all underwent a placenta pathological examination at the Saint Etienne University Hospital.
• For the pre-eclampsia group: patient with a diagnosis of pre-eclampsia
• For the control group: patient who had a normal pregnancy

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patient who gave birth naturally
• Underage patients or under guardianship
• Patients who do not speak or read French
• Childbirth under X

All patients who have given birth by cesarean section at the maternity University Hospital Saint Etienne and all underwent a placenta pathological examination at the Saint Etienne University Hospital.