Renal tubules play an important role in fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base homeostasis. Defect of these functions can give rise to a host of disorders. These disorders can lead to life threatening disturbances in electrolytes and acid-base balance. In Egypt, there is little data about these disorders. Many of these cases are diagnosed late, therefore Early suspicion for diagnosis can improve the overall clinical outcome of these children.

Renal tubules play an important role in fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base homeostasis. Defect of these functions can give rise to a host of disorders. These disorders can lead to life threatening disturbances in electrolytes and acid-base balance. In Egypt, there is little data about these disorders. Many of these cases are diagnosed late, therefore Early suspicion for diagnosis can improve the overall clinical outcome of these children. As a result, starting management early will help those children have a better life. Therefore awareness about these disorders and long-term outcome is really important. The investigators present the clinical characterizations of many tubular disorder and the follow up in our center.

The aim of this study is to reveal the different clinical presentations and the main lab features of renal tubular disorders in children to promote early recognition and management.

Inclusion Criteria:

• All children aged from one month to 18 years who have renal tubular disorders.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Children who have renal tubular disorders secondary to drugs, intoxication, obstructive uropathy or transient in nature.

all children who have renal tubular disorders (inpatient and outpatient) in the Paediatric Department, Sohage University Hospital.

undecided