Therapeutic touch and standard nursing care of the clinic (such as breathing exercise, postural drainage) was applied.

Only standard nursing care of the clinic (such as breathing exercise, postural drainage) was applied.

Therapeutic touch is an energy transfer process based on the assumption that every living organism in the universe has an energy field and these energy fields that interact with each other can be changed with the practices made by a conscious and certain intent. TT is an independent nursing practice first applied and developed by nurses Dora Kunz and Dolores Krieger in 1972. TT is also an art of concentration therapy in which the therapist focuses on consciousness as a focus to create balance and coordination in the mutual energy fields of the patient and the environment, and uses their hands to transfer energy. The fact that TT is easy to use, has no known side effects, has low costs, is non-invasive, and its importance among nurses and increasing frequency of its practice in recent years show that it is a powerful alternative to other CAT methods.

It was developed by Richards in 1987. It is a five-item scale that evaluates depth of night sleep, duration of falling asleep, frequency of awakening, duration of being awake when waking up and sleep quality. Each item in the scale is evaluated on a chart between 0 and 100 with visual analogue scale. The minimum score that can be obtained from the scale is 100, and the minimum score is 0. The higher the score on the scale, the higher the sleep quality. The Cronbach alpha coefficient of the scale, developed by Richards was 0.82.

It was developed by Spielberger et al in 1970. State anxiety inventory measures the anxiety levels of individuals aged 14 years. The scale consists of 20 items. In the scale, participants are asked to mark one of the options "never = 1", "a little = 2", "a lot = 3", "totally = 4" according to the severity of the emotions, thoughts or behaviors they express. The highest score that can be obtained from the scale is 80 and the lowest score is 20. The higher the total scale score, the higher the anxiety level of the individual filling the scale. Spielberger et al. Stated that 0-19 points obtained from the scale are not anxiety, 20-39 points mean mild, 40-59 points mean moderate, 60-80 points mean severe anxiety, individuals with a score of 60 and above need professional help.