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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Dong-A ST Co., Ltd. | INDUSTRY |
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This retrospective cohort study aims to evaluate the effect of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) or histamine-2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) on the clinical outcomes and positivity rates of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19).
Previous researches on the association between the use of PPI and H2RA and the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 have reported inconsistent findings. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of H2 receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors on the clinical outcomes and positivity rates of COVID-19 using the Korean National Health Insurance (NHI) data. This is a retrospective cohort study using the NHI COVID-19 dataset, which includes health insurance data of individuals who underwent COVID-19 PCR test in South Korea. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the use of PPI and H2RA on the positivity rates and clinical outcomes of COVID-19.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients tested for COVID-19 | Patients who were tested for COVID-19 nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No intervention (Retrospective Cohort Observational) | Other | History of PPI and H2RA prescription of the participants who were tested for COVID-19 will be reviewed. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| COVID-19 test positivity | Test positivity rates for COVID-19 nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction (PCR): number of participants diagnosed with COVID-19 compared to the number participants who were tested for COVID-19 | Through test completion, an average of 1 day |
| Mortality | Mortality of participants who died after diagnosis of COVID-19 (during the hospitalization or after discharge) | 60 days |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Intensive care unit admission rate | Intensive care unit admission rate of patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 | 60 days |
| Mechanical ventilator application rate | Mechanical ventilator application rate of patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Individuals who were tested for COVID-19 using real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay of nasal and pharyngeal swabs were included. Data were obtained from the Korean national health insurance claims-based database (COVID-19 research dataset). Individuals with a Record of a new prescription of NSAID within 1 month of the test date were excluded because NSAID users for early pneumonia symptoms may initiated for PPIs or H2 blockers.
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seoul National University Hospital | Seoul | 03080 | South Korea |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000086382 | COVID-19 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011024 | Pneumonia, Viral |
| D011014 | Pneumonia |
| D012141 | Respiratory Tract Infections |
| D007239 | Infections |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000077402 | Pantoprazole |
| D009853 | Omeprazole |
| D064098 | Esomeprazole |
| D064747 | Lansoprazole |
| D064748 | Dexlansoprazole |
| D002927 | Cimetidine |
| D016567 | Nizatidine |
| D011899 | Ranitidine |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D053799 | 2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles |
| D013454 | Sulfoxides |
| D013457 | Sulfur Compounds |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
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|
| 60 days |
| Oxygen apply rate (Nasal prong, Facial Mask, High flow nasal cannula) | Oxygen apply (Nasal prong, Facial Mask, High flow nasal cannula) rates of patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 | 60 days |
| Rates of vasopressor and inotrope use | Rates of vasopressor and inotrope use of patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 | 60 days |
| D014777 |
| Virus Diseases |
| D018352 | Coronavirus Infections |
| D003333 | Coronaviridae Infections |
| D030341 | Nidovirales Infections |
| D012327 | RNA Virus Infections |
| D008171 | Lung Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
| D011725 |
| Pyridines |
| D006573 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |
| D001562 | Benzimidazoles |
| D006574 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring |
| D000072471 | Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring |
| D006146 | Guanidines |
| D000578 | Amidines |
| D007093 | Imidazoles |
| D001393 | Azoles |
| D013844 | Thiazoles |
| D005663 | Furans |