The goal of heart rate variability biofeedback is to increase heart rate variability through paced breathing exercises, which have shown to be effective in reducing stress and anxiety in general adult populations.

In this condition, all of this group take care by hospital routine and the questionnaires were completed over a period with similar intervals.

heart rate variability biofeedback protocol duration time is 10 min twice/day for 5days

The Perceived Stress Scale using 10 items to determine the self-perceived levels of unpredictability, lack of control, and burden during the last month of pregnancy. Responses are rated from 0 (never) to 4 (very often), with higher scores corresponding to higher perceived stress.

The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was using 10 items to provide a valuable and efficient way to identify patients at risk of perinatal depression. Each item is scored from 0 to 3, with item scores summed to produce a total The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was using 10 items to provides a valuable and efficient way to identify patients at risk of perinatal depression. Each item is scored from 0 to 3, with higher scores corresponding to higher depression.

The Beck Anxiety Inventory using 21 items on the scale describes a symptom of anxiety. Responses are rated from 0 (never) to 3 (very often), with higher scores corresponding to higher perceived anxiety.

The Perceived Stress Scale using 10 items to determine the self-perceived levels of unpredictability, lack of control, and burden during the last month of pregnancy. Responses are rated from 0 (never) to 4 (very often), with higher scores corresponding to higher perceived stress.