This is a study to find out if a device that temporarily alters brain activity (repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, rTMS) might be used to change how people with anxiety or related concerns cope with feared or anxiety-producing situations. The study is recruiting people who recently started treatment for anxiety or a related concern. The study involves 3 visits to the Medical University of South Carolina. At the first visit, participants do interviews and surveys asking about anxiety and related concerns, and they also do tasks where they see and react to emotional pictures while their brain activation is measured. At the next two visits, participants receive rTMS, which works by rapidly turning a focused magnetic field on and off repeatedly over the head in a way that passes directly through the hair, scalp, and skull and onto the brain and can temporarily increase brain activity under the magnetic field. After rTMS, participants do two tasks where they see and react to emotional situations while wearing sensors on their hand, arms, face, and head.

Each visit in this study is expected to last between 2 - 4 hours. This is not a treatment study, but the study is being conducted with the hope that it will help improve treatment in the future.

Inclusion Criteria:

• 18 - 65 y.o.
• Meets criteria for an anxiety disorder (Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, Social Anxiety Disorder, Specific Phobia), posttraumatic stress disorder, obsessive- compulsive disorder, or current adjustment disorder with anxiety
• Is currently seeking mental health treatment
• Is able to read consent document and provide informed consent.
• English is a first or primary fluent language.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Current alcohol or substance use disorder of more than mild severity (as defined by DSM-5 and determined using standardized self-report instruments)
• Lifetime diagnosis of psychotic disorder or bipolar mania
• Presence of neurological disorder that contraindicates TMS or neurophysiological recording: Seizure disorder Lifetime history of traumatic brain injury with loss of consciousness Neurodegenerative disorder (e.g., Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Frontotemporal Dementia)
• Presence of other medical disorder that would make it too uncomfortable to sit or lie still for long recording periods
• Presence of standard contraindications for MRI or rTMS Metal in the body Currently pregnant Claustrophobia Significant sensitivity to noise Medical conditions or treatments that lower seizure threshold History of severe brain injury History of seizures/ epilepsy
• Currently taking anticholinergic mediation, neuroleptic medication, or sedative/ hypnotic medication Note: SSRI, cholinesterase inhibitors or NMDA receptor antagonists are allowed if patient has been on a stable regimen of four weeks prior to enrollment
• Currently taking chronic opiate medications or substances
• Currently taking naltrexone

Objective data will be archived in raw format on the NITRIC Data Repository. Sufficient description of tasks and event markers will be included to allow reprocessing and replication by trained researchers. Original, albeit cleaned and de-identified, self-report data will also be included. Cleaning will entail the most basic review of each variable to assure correct coding, and, in justified cases, invert variable scores to make variables easier to interpret. Inversions will always be noted.

DATA FORMAT: Objective data will be delivered to NITRIC in NIFTII format for fMRI data and tab-delimited text files for EEG and physiology data. Self-report data will be delivered in SPSS .sav format. No identifying information will be included.

VARIABLE CREATION: All variable computation, weighting, and imputation syntax will be in SPSS format and delivered in .txt file. A variable definition list / codebook will also be delivered.

Immediately following publication of primary project manuscript, or by 6 months after study completion, whichever is earlier.

De-identified data will be made available through upload to the NITRIC Data Repository. As such, de-identified data will be publically available.