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Anxiety is a common phenomenon among patients who are undergoing surgery. It is a condition characterized by stress, nervousness, fear, unpleasant feeling, and higher activity of Autonomic Nervous System. The current studies demonstrated that listening to music, reduces anxiety levels.
Pre-operative anxiety is recognised as a potential and preventable risk factor for post-operative complications. It is estimated that between 25% to 80% of patients admitted to hospital for surgery experience pre-operative anxiety, and anxiety can negatively influence patient recovery.Physiologically pre-operative anxiety can lead to autonomic dysfunction and can modify inflammatory responses, platelet activity, and immunologic functioning. The Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI), created by Aaron T. Beck is a 21 questions multiple choice self report inventory which measures the severity of an anxiety in adults and adolescents. It has been widely used in clinical research in mental health care mainly to measure general anxiety. The total score for all 21 symptoms can range between 0 and 63 points. A total score of 0 - 7 is interpreted as "Minimal" level of anxiety, 8 - 15 as "Mild"; 16 - 25 as "Moderate" and 26 - 63 as "Severe" level of anxiety.
This study aims to compare the alleviation of Pre-operative anxiety in patients undergoing surgery with or without music.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group B (control) | No Intervention | Head phone will be placed and music will not be played, will get normal nursing care | |
| Group A (music intervention) | Experimental | For the interventional group, in addition to normal nursing care, patients will listen to instrumental relaxing music genre consist of pitch, rhythm and tone color for 30 minutes pre-operatively, using mp3 player and over-ear headphones to reduce outside interference, at a volume of the patient's preference. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Music | Other | For the interventional group, in addition to normal nursing care, patients will listen to instrumental relaxing music genre consist of pitch, rhythm and tone color for 30 minutes pre-operatively, using mp3 player and over-ear headphones to reduce outside interference, at a volume of the patient's preference. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The effect of music therapy on preoperative anxiety in elective surgery | preoperative anxiety will be assessed by using Beck's Anxiety Inventory in one group and the other group will only get routine nursing care.The total score for all 21 symptoms can range between 0 and 63 points. A total score of 0 - 7 is interpreted as "Minimal" level of anxiety, 8 - 15 as "Mild"; 16 - 25 as "Moderate" and 26 - 63 as "Severe" level of anxiety. More the score greater the anxiety. | 6 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The effect of music therapy on preoperative anxiety in elective surgery | systolic blood pressure | 6 months |
| The effect of music therapy on preoperative anxiety in elective surgery | Diastolic blood pressure |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Anil Shrestha, MD | TUTH | Study Director |
| Bibhush Shrestha, MD | MCVTC,IOM | Study Director |
| Ninadini Shrestha, MD | TUTH | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maharajgunj medical campus, TUTH | Kathmandu | Nepal |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 29624026 | Background | Stamenkovic DM, Rancic NK, Latas MB, Neskovic V, Rondovic GM, Wu JD, Cattano D. Preoperative anxiety and implications on postoperative recovery: what can we do to change our history. Minerva Anestesiol. 2018 Nov;84(11):1307-1317. doi: 10.23736/S0375-9393.18.12520-X. Epub 2018 Apr 5. | |
| 29753446 | Background | Tulloch I, Rubin JS. Assessment and Management of Preoperative Anxiety. J Voice. 2019 Sep;33(5):691-696. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.02.008. Epub 2018 May 9. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009147 | Music Therapy |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D026421 | Sensory Art Therapies |
| D000529 | Complementary Therapies |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |
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Researcher provides music to one group and other group will not receive music. medical officer will assess anxiety by using Beck's Anxiety Inventory.
|
| 6 months |
| The effect of music therapy on preoperative anxiety in elective surgery | mean arterial pressure | 6 months |
| The effect of music therapy on preoperative anxiety in elective surgery | heart rate | 6 months |
| 24731896 | Background | Bae I, Lim HM, Hur MH, Lee M. Intra-operative music listening for anxiety, the BIS index, and the vital signs of patients undergoing regional anesthesia. Complement Ther Med. 2014 Apr;22(2):251-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2014.02.002. Epub 2014 Feb 23. |
| 28434475 | Background | Lee WP, Wu PY, Lee MY, Ho LH, Shih WM. Music listening alleviates anxiety and physiological responses in patients receiving spinal anesthesia. Complement Ther Med. 2017 Apr;31:8-13. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2016.12.006. Epub 2017 Jan 7. |
| 3204199 | Background | Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988 Dec;56(6):893-7. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.56.6.893. No abstract available. |
| 30401475 | Background | Lemos MF, Lemos-Neto SV, Barrucand L, Vercosa N, Tibirica E. [Preoperative education reduces preoperative anxiety in cancer patients undergoing surgery: Usefulness of the self-reported Beck anxiety inventory]. Braz J Anesthesiol. 2019 Jan-Feb;69(1):1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bjan.2018.07.003. Epub 2018 Nov 3. |
| 27992027 | Background | Franzoi MA, Goulart CB, Lara EO, Martins G. Music listening for anxiety relief in children in the preoperative period: a randomized clinical trial. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2016 Dec 19;24:e2841. doi: 10.1590/1518-8345.1121.2841. |
| 23953858 | Background | Jimenez-Jimenez M, Garcia-Escalona A, Martin-Lopez A, De Vera-Vera R, De Haro J. Intraoperative stress and anxiety reduction with music therapy: a controlled randomized clinical trial of efficacy and safety. J Vasc Nurs. 2013 Sep;31(3):101-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jvn.2012.10.002. |
| 24954343 | Background | Wang Y, Dong Y, Li Y. Perioperative psychological and music interventions in elderly patients undergoing spinal anesthesia: effect on anxiety, heart rate variability, and postoperative pain. Yonsei Med J. 2014 Jul;55(4):1101-5. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2014.55.4.1101. |
| 22207250 | Background | Ottaviani S, Bernard JL, Bardin T, Richette P. Effect of music on anxiety and pain during joint lavage for knee osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2012 Mar;31(3):531-4. doi: 10.1007/s10067-011-1925-9. Epub 2011 Dec 30. |
| 21332853 | Background | Ni CH, Tsai WH, Lee LM, Kao CC, Chen YC. Minimising preoperative anxiety with music for day surgery patients - a randomised clinical trial. J Clin Nurs. 2012 Mar;21(5-6):620-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03466.x. Epub 2011 Feb 20. |
| 10078693 | Background | Practice guidelines for preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacologic agents to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration: application to healthy patients undergoing elective procedures: a report by the American Society of Anesthesiologist Task Force on Preoperative Fasting. Anesthesiology. 1999 Mar;90(3):896-905. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199903000-00034. No abstract available. |
| D000359 |
| Aftercare |
| D003266 | Continuity of Patient Care |
| D005791 | Patient Care |
| D011613 | Psychotherapy |
| D004191 | Behavioral Disciplines and Activities |