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This investigation aims to investigate the frequency of pes planus and posterior tibial tendon dysfunction in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.
Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction is the most common cause of acquired pes planus deformity in healthy adults. The posterior tibial tendon stabilizes the hindfoot against valgus and eversion forces and acts as a support along the medial longitudinal arch. If the posterior tibial tendon loses its functionality, the other ligaments of the foot and the joint capsule gradually weaken as the height of the medial longitudinal arch decreases or disappears, and it develops with pes planus. The presence of pes planus and spondyloarthropathy are also risk factors for the development of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction.
100 participants aged between 20-70 years with ankylosing spondylitis were planned to be included in this investigation. Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction frequency of patients with ankylosing spondylitis will be evaluated by both clinical examination and musculoskeletal ultrasonography device. The posterior tibial tendon will be evaluated by ultrasonography in terms of tendon diameter and fluid presence in 2 different locations in the retromalleolar area.
Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life (ASQoL) Scale, Functional reach test, Timed up and go test, Berg Balance Scale, Dynamic and static balance with the Sportkat device will be used as evaluation parameters. It was planned that the evaluations were made once.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patient Group | Anklyosing Spondilitis |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis | Other | Observational study, not applicable |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) | BASDAI includes six questions evaluating five important findings of the disease (Fatigue, hip and spine pain, swelling and pain in peripheral joints, enthesitis, duration and severity of morning stiffness). The pain levels of the patients will be evaluated with a Visual Analog scale (0: I have no pain, 10: I have very severe pain). Higher scores mean active disease. | Will be done only once on the first day after inclusion |
| Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) | BASFI; consists of eight questions that evaluate the function of patients with AS and two questions that evaluate their daily life. Higher scores indicate greater limitations. | Will be done only once on the first day after inclusion |
| Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life Scale (ASQOL) | Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life (ASQoL) scale is a disease-specific assessment parameter designed to measure health-related quality of life. It includes yes or no questions with a total score ranging from 0 to 18. The lower scores represent better quality of life. | Will be done only once on the first day after inclusion |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Functional reach test | Functional reach test: It is the maximum distance that the participants can reach forward in the horizontal plane while maintaining her/his stability on the support surface in the standing position. | Will be done only once on the first day after inclusion |
| Timed up and go test (TUG) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Participitans who apply to the rheumatology outpatient clinic between the ages of 20-70 and who have been diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis according to the Modified Newyork criteria will be included in this study.
Exclusion Criteria:
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Outpatient clinic patients
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Nuran EYVAZ, MD | Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afyonkarahisar | Afyonkarahisar | 0300 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 26037267 | Background | Arnoldner MA, Gruber M, Syre S, Kristen KH, Trnka HJ, Kainberger F, Bodner G. Imaging of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction--Comparison of high-resolution ultrasound and 3T MRI. Eur J Radiol. 2015 Sep;84(9):1777-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2015.05.021. Epub 2015 May 21. | |
| 28121362 | Background | Guelfi M, Pantalone A, Mirapeix RM, Vanni D, Usuelli FG, Guelfi M, Salini V. Anatomy, pathophysiology and classification of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2017 Jan;21(1):13-19. |
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The TUG test is a simple evaluative test used to measure functional mobility. It uses the time that participants take to rise from a chair, walk three meters, turn around 180 degrees, walk back to the chair, and sit down while turning 180 degrees. During the test, the participant is expected to wear their regular footwear and use any mobility aids that they would normally require.11-20 seconds are within normal limits for frail elderly and disabled patients, and greater than 20 seconds means the worse scores. |
| Will be done only once on the first day after inclusion |
| Berg Balance Scale | The Berg balance scale is used to objectively determine a patient's ability (or inability) to safely balance during a series of predetermined tasks. It is a 14 item list with each item consisting of a five-point ordinal scale ranging from 0 to 4, with 0 indicating the lowest level of function and 4 the highest level of function and takes approximately 20 minutes to complete. The total score is 56. A score of < 45 indicates participants may be at greater risk of falling. | Will be done only once on the first day after inclusion |
| Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) | The FAOS is a 42-item questionnaire assessing patient-relevant outcomes in five separate subscales (Pain, other Symptoms, Activities of daily living, Sport and recreation function, foot and ankle-related Quality of life). Scores range from 0 to 100 with a score of 0 indicating the worst possible foot/ankle symptoms and 100 indicating no foot/ankle symptoms. Lower scores mean the worse scores. | Will be done only once on the first day after inclusion |
| Ultrasonographic evaluation of the posterior tibial tendon | Posterior tibial tendon evaluation will be evaluated in 2 different locations in the retromalleolar area.Tendon diameter, continuity and fluid presence will be evaluated ultrasonographically. Power Doppler signal levels will be graded on a 4-point semi-quantitative scale (none-grade 0 / minor-grade 1 / middle-grade 2 / severe-grade 3). | Will be done only once on the first day after inclusion |
| Static and Dynamic Balance measurment with SportKAT Device. | The SportKAT device used for determining postural oscillation consists of a balance platform and sensors that detect oscillations.There is a screen in front of the participant standing on the platform to provide feedback. During the static balance test, it is asked to keep the 'X' mark seen on the screen constant in the center. During the dynamic balance test, it is asked to to follow the moving cursor. The score range varies between 0 and 6000. The lower the score, the better the balance. | Will be done only once on the first day after inclusion |
| 12120910 | Background | Hasler P, Hintermann B, Meier M. Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction and MR imaging in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2002 May;22(1):38-40. doi: 10.1007/s00296-002-0183-1. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D037081 | Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction |
| D005413 | Flatfoot |
| D013167 | Spondylitis, Ankylosing |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005534 | Foot Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
| D000070558 | Talipes |
| D005531 | Foot Deformities, Acquired |
| D005530 | Foot Deformities |
| D005532 | Foot Deformities, Congenital |
| D038061 | Lower Extremity Deformities, Congenital |
| D017880 | Limb Deformities, Congenital |
| D009139 | Musculoskeletal Abnormalities |
| D000013 | Congenital Abnormalities |
| D009358 | Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities |
| D000089183 | Axial Spondyloarthritis |
| D025242 | Spondylarthropathies |
| D025241 | Spondylarthritis |
| D013166 | Spondylitis |
| D013122 | Spinal Diseases |
| D001847 | Bone Diseases |
| D000844 | Ankylosis |
| D007592 | Joint Diseases |
| D001168 | Arthritis |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015235 | HLA-B Antigens |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015395 | Histocompatibility Antigens Class I |
| D008562 | Membrane Glycoproteins |
| D006023 | Glycoproteins |
| D006001 | Glycoconjugates |
| D002241 | Carbohydrates |
| D011506 | Proteins |
| D000602 | Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins |
| D008565 | Membrane Proteins |
| D006649 | Histocompatibility Antigens |
| D000954 | Antigens, Surface |
| D000941 | Antigens |
| D001685 | Biological Factors |
| D006680 | HLA Antigens |
| D007519 | Isoantigens |
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