This arm of the project explores Singing as an intervention for people suffering from Pulmonary Fibrosis specifically.

It is a 10 week programme. All other aspects of the intervention are the same in terms of delivery and length of classes.

Different outcome measures, namely the St Georges Respiratory Questionnaire is used in this trial. This is a disease-specific instrument designed to measure impact on overall health, daily life, and perceived well-being in patients with airways disease. Scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating more limitations.

Participants who have been clinically diagnosed with Covid-19 and who continue to suffer residual adverse effects on the lung health will be invited to participate in the study.

The intervention will involve biweekly hour-long breathing and singing classes that are designed to correct dis-ordered breathing, and retrain the principal muscles of respiration.

Pre and post evaluation of participant bio-psychosocial health and wellness will be conducted. Triangulation of data using focus groups and individual interviews will be conducted after conclusion of the intervention,

The C19YRS was developed as a screening tool to monitor long-term symptoms due to Covid-19. The screening tool covers 19 items which combines yes/no answers and an 11 point ordinal scale (0-10) where a higher score denotes increased symptom severity.

The DPSQ -SF assesses key symptoms of ME/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome such as fatigue, post-exertional malaise, sleep, pain, neurological/cognitive impairments and autonomic, neuroendocrine and immune symptoms. At each item, participants have to rate the frequency and severity of the symptom on a scale from 0 to 4. A higher score denotes increased symptom severity.