The purpose of this study is to compare two types of therapy for caregivers of cancer patients: Emotion Regulation Therapy for Cancer Caregivers (ERT-C) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT-C). The researchers want to see if ERT-C is better than, the same as, or worse than traditional CBT-C at improving caregiver distress. The researchers will look at how the two types of therapy affect caregivers' anxiety, depression, and quality of life. The researchers will also see how ERT-C and CBT-C affect hormone and stress levels in caregivers' saliva samples.

In addition, this trial will enroll cancer patients in this study to see how their caregivers' participation in ERT-C or CBT may affect the patients' quality of life, stress, and use of healthcare services.

Participants who become bereaved while on study will be given the option to withdraw or remain on study. Assessments for bereaved caregivers will not include the Caregiver Quality of Life Index-Cancer (CQOLC) or the Caregiver Reaction Assessment (CRA).

CBT-C and ERT-C are each 8-session, individual, caregivers-directed interventions delivered by a trained study therapist listed on the face page and facilitated by a manualized workbook with between-session practice exercises. To accommodate caregivers and reduce compliance issues with attendance of sessions, the 8 sessions are to be completed within 8 to 16 weeks from initiation of the first session. Each session is 60 minutes in length and will be audio and video recorded for MSK participants; sessions will only be audio recorded for MGH participants. Specific modules and intervention components are described below. To accommodate as many caregivers as possible and in response to the restrictions placed on caregivers currently in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, sessions will be offered via telepsychiatry (using WebEx , Zoom, Teams).

Training case participants will be identified and consented onto the study for training purposes only. Participants who are consented as training cases will not be randomized and will not complete any assessments. Data collected on training cases will be used for training and supervision purposes on this study only. These records will not be shown outside of the study supervisors, therapist in training, and staff.

Inclusion Criteria:

Caregivers:

• As per self-report, age 18 years or older.
• As per self-report, are a caregiver to an MSK or MGH patient with any site/stage of cancer who has received any type of treatment (e.g. curative, palliative) in the past 12 months.
• Experience distress as evidenced by a score of 4 or greater on the Distress Thermometer (DT) and answer "Yes" to at least one of the follow-up questions (i.e. reporting that their distress is related to their caregiving experience, or their distress started or is related to caregiving or has gotten worse since the patient was diagnosed or began treatment. (N/A for training case participants)
• English fluent: Self-report by subject identifying English as the preferred language for healthcare, and self-reported degree of fluency as speaking English "Very well."
• As per self-report, residing in New York or New Jersey (for MSK participants), or Massachusetts (for MGH participants), or have the ability to complete sessions while complying with current telehealth regulations.

Patients:

• Age 18 years or older as per EMR.
• Patient of an eligible caregiver per self-report or the EMR.
• English speaking as per the EMR or self report by subject identifying English as the preferred language for healthcare, and self-reported degree of fluency as speaking English "Very well.".

Exclusion Criteria:

Caregivers:

• As per self-report, presence of disorder that compromises comprehension of assessments or informed consent information (e.g., dementia).
• As per the judgement of the consenting professional, clinical, PI, and/or as per the medical record, severe psychopathology or cognitive impairment which is likely to interfere with the participation or completion of the protocol or their ability to provide meaningful information
• As per self-report, currently engaged in regular individual psychotherapeutic support (that the participant is unable or unwilling to put on hold for the course of treatment).
• As per self-report, a lifetime history of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or schizoaffective disorder.
• As per self-report, has medical condition or medication use known to confound measures of systemic inflammation (e.g., autoimmune disorder, inflammatory disease; uncontrolled thyroid disease; active infection; myocardial infarction or stroke in the last 6 months; Type I diabetes; acute hepatitis; recent vaccination for viral disease). (N/A for training case participants)
• As per self-report, is a regular smoker, defined as having more than 2 cigarettes per day on most days. (N/A for training case participants)
• As per self-report, providing care for a patient who has a caregiver is currently or formerly enrolled in this study ('formerly enrolled' is N/A for training case participants).
• As per self-report, currently enrolled in another study focused on supportive care for caregivers (MGH participants only).

Patients:

• Presence of disorder that compromises comprehension of assessments or informed consent information (e.g., dementia) as per EMR or clinician judgment.
• As per the judgement of the consenting professional, clinical, PI, and/or as per the medical record, severe psychopathology or cognitive impairment which is likely to interfere with the participation or completion of the protocol or their ability to provide meaningful information

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center supports the international committee of medical journal editors (ICMJE) and the ethical obligation of responsible sharing of data from clinical trials. The protocol summary, a statistical summary, and informed consent form will be made available on clinicaltrials.gov when required as a condition of Federal awards, other agreements supporting the research and/or as otherwise required. Requests for deidentified individual participant data can be made beginning 12 months after publication and for up to 36 months post publication. Deidentified individual participant data reported in the manuscript will be shared under the terms of a Data Use Agreement and may only be used for approved proposals. Requests may be made to: crdatashare@mskcc.org.