A computer software and chin-rest necessary to perform visual training will be loaned to each subject to be used at home. They will perform one to two daily training sessions in their home, consisting of 200-300 trials each. The visual task performed repetitively will involve discriminating the direction of motion of a small cloud of dots located at a predetermined location in the blind field. The computer program will automatically create a record of patient performance during each home training session. Subjects will train daily (about 40-60 minutes total), 5 to 7 days per week for at least one and up to 6 months.

After the initial training period of one to six months, the same computer software will continue to be used for all subjects. The visual task performed repetitively will involve discriminating the direction of motion of a small cloud of dots located at a predetermined location in the blind field. The computer program will automatically create a record of patient performance during each home training session. Subjects will train daily (about 40-60 minutes total), 5 to 7 days per week for at least 6 months.

Assessment of visual perception transfer to untrained psychophysical tasks of contrast sensitivity for direction discrimination.

For each subject, we will measure the ability to correctly detect the motion direction of visual stimuli that are also varying in contrast against a grey background. We will measure the luminance contrast that can be reliably detected at a 72-75% correct level of performance.

These measures of change will be evaluated baseline to 6-months post-stroke, then 6- to 12-months post stroke, and baseline to 12-months.

**NOTE: Our protocol allows for a +1 month variance for all timepoints.

Assessment of visual perception transfer to untrained psychophysical tasks of contrast sensitivity for static orientation discrimination.

For each subject, we will measure the ability to correctly detect the orientation of non-moving visual stimuli that vary in contrast against a grey background. We will measure the luminance that can be reliably detected at a 72-75% correct level of performance.

These measures of change will be evaluated baseline to 6-months post-stroke, then 6- to 12-months post stroke, and baseline to 12-months.

**NOTE: Our protocol allows for a +1 month variance for all timepoints.

Change in thickness of the ganglion cell complex will be measured by retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans from baseline to 6- and 12- months post stroke.**

We will perform OCT imaging of the foveal region of the retina (6mm ETDRS) in both eyes of each patient. Images will be automatically segmented. Estimated thickness of the ganglion cell complex will be extracted and aligned with estimates of the blind field's visual sensitivity obtained from fundus-controlled MAIA perimetry. We will then compute a laterality index LI as follows: LIGCCT=(Tc-Ti)/(Tc+Ti) where Tc=thickness in the control lateral OCT quadrant, Ti=thickness in the impaired lateral OCT quadrant.

**NOTE: Our protocol allows for a +1 month variance for all timepoints.

Change in volume of the ganglion cell complex will be measured by retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans from baseline to 6- and 12- months post stroke.**

We will perform OCT imaging of the foveal region of the retina (6mm ETDRS) in both eyes of each patient. Images will be automatically segmented. Estimated volume of the ganglion cell complex will be extracted and aligned with estimates of the blind field's visual sensitivity obtained from fundus-controlled MAIA perimetry. We will then compute a laterality index as follows: LIGCCT=(Tc-Ti)/(Tc+Ti) where Tc=thickness in the control lateral OCT quadrant, Ti=thickness in the impaired lateral OCT quadrant.

**NOTE: Our protocol allows for a +1 month variance for all timepoints.

OT volume analysis will be performed from high resolution structural T1 MRI images of the brain. Mirrored masks of equal size will be hand-drawn over the OTs in each brain slice of a given subject, starting three slices posterior to the optic chiasm and continuing posteriorly until the OTs are no longer distinct from surrounding structures. The volume of each optic tract will be calculated from these masks by first establishing the maximum voxel intensity (range from 0 to 255) across the two OTs, then counting the number of voxels in each OT mask with brightness values between 5 and 85% of this maximum. We will then compute an OT laterality Index (LI85) to represent the relative difference in estimated volume between the two OTs of each participant, where LI85=(OTc-OTi)/(OTc+OTi), where OTc=number of voxels with brightness 5-85% of maximum in the contralesional OT and OTi = number of voxels with brightness 5-85% of maximum in the ipsilesional OT.

We will measure the change in visual sensitivity (measured in decibels) at all locations tested by the system. These changes will be measured and compared between baseline, 6-months post stroke, and 12 months post stroke.**

**NOTE: Our protocol allows for a +1 month variance for all timepoints.

We will measure the change in area of vision (degrees squared) as encompassed by each isopter, measured by one of 3 different light stimuli.

The 3 isopters we will compare are:

1. I2e 1asb, 0.25 mm^2
2. I4e 10asb, 0.25 mm^2
3. V4e 1000asb, 64 mm^2

These changes will be measured and compared between baseline, 6-months post stroke, and 12 months post stroke.**

**NOTE: Our protocol allows for a +1 month variance for all timepoints.