Phase I exploratory, open-label, single arm, multicenter study to assess safety, tolerability and antitumor activity of ONCOFID-P-B™ therapy in adult patients with histologically confirmed diagnosis of bladder carcinoma in situ (CIS), who were unresponsive or intolerant to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-therapy.

Patients are initially treated with 12 weekly intravesical instillations of ONCOFID-P-B™ (intensive treatment phase). Patients who achieve a complete response (CR) after the 12 weekly instillations entered the maintenance phase of the study, during which ONCOFID-P-B™ is furtherly administered once a month for 12 months.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients with histologically confirmed CIS of the bladder. A portion of patients up to 30% could have concomitant Ta and/or T1 lesions.
• Complete resection of papillary lesions before entering the trial in patients with concomitant CIS and papillary tumors.
• Patients were to be unresponsive or intolerant to BCG, had to have refused radical cystectomy or were not clinically suitable for cystectomy. Patients unresponsive to BCG were defined as patients for whom further BCG would be unlikely to be of benefit. This included all patients treated with an adequate course of induction plus maintenance BCG who either had persistent disease or who relapsed within 6 months of their last BCG treatment.
• Age ≥18 yrs.
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1.
• Female in non-reproductive years (defined as surgically sterile or one year postmenopausal). Female of childbearing potential had to agree to practice complete abstinence or to use an effective contraceptive method.
• Able and willing to comply with scheduled visits, therapy plans, and laboratory tests required in the protocol.
• Signed and dated Independent Ethics Committee (IEC)-approved Informed Consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Any of the following in the previous 6 months: myocardial infarction, uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmia, unstable angina, coronary/peripheral artery bypass graft, symptomatic congestive heart enrolled cerebrovascular accident or transient ischemic attack, pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis.
• Known hypersensitivity to paclitaxel or any of its constituents.
• Major surgery, other than diagnostic surgery, within 4 weeks prior to treatment start.
• Muscle-invasive disease T2-T4.
• Previous or concomitant cancer of the upper urinary tract or the prostatic urethra.
• Prior (within the previous 3 years) or concurrent malignancies at other sites, except for adequately treated basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer or in situ carcinoma of the cervix uteri.
• Last intravesical immunotherapy dose administration <8 weeks prior to study entry. Patients had to have documentation of persistent or recurrent disease.
• Previous intravesical chemotherapy < 28 days prior to study entry with the exception of patients who underwent transurethral resection (TUR) < 7 days.
• Bladder capacity lower than 150 ml.
• Presence of significant urologic disease interfering with intravesical therapy.
• Concurrent enrollment or participation in another therapeutic clinical trial within 4 weeks preceding treatment start.
• Patients with known active substances and/or alcohol abuse.
• Other severe acute or chronic medical or psychiatric condition or laboratory abnormality that could increase the risk associated with study participation or interfere with the interpretation of study results and, in the judgment of the Investigator, would make the patients inappropriate for entry into the study or, in the opinion of the Investigator and/or the Sponsor, could compromise protocol objectives.