In this study, the investigators aim to compare the outcomes of Dextranomer/hyaluronic acid (Dexell®) and extravesical reimplantation (Lich- Gregoir) procedures for primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) grades III and IV in children.

A total of 60 patients with 93 renal unites were prospectively enrolled in a comparative intervention study. Patients were randomly allocated by simple randomization at a 1: 1 ratio into 2 groups, where dextranomer/hyaluronic acid (Dexell) injection was used in Group A (30 patients with 45 renal units) and Lich-Gregoir in Group B (30 patients with 48 renal units).

Children over 1 year with primary VUR grade III & IV based on recent VCUG included in the study.

This study and method of attaining consent were approved by clinical research and ethical committee of our department. Written consents were taken from patients' guardians involved in the study. the investigators offered all of patients with symptomatic VUR entry into a prospective protocol between June 2015 and February 2018 at the Urology Department, Al Hussein University Hospital, Al-Azhar University.

Surgical Technique:

1. dextranomer/hyaluronic acid injection: The endoscopic procedure was done under general anesthesia, and all patients received antibiotic prophylaxis. the investigators used the subureteral injection technique (STING), as described by O'Donnell and Puri . The volume of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid was injected until ureteral orifice collapse in all patients. The needle was held for 30 s.
2. ureteral reimplantation (lich-gregoir): The juxtavesical ureter is dissected and a submucosal groove is created extending laterally from the ureteral hiatus along the course of the ureter. The ureter is placed in the groove and the detrusor is closed over the ureter with ureteric stent fixation for 21 days. Urethral catheter for bladder drainage for 3-5 days.

Postoperative Care All children were maintained on prophylaxis until resolution of reflux documented on the VCUG. Patients were assessed by general examination, serial urinalysis and urine C.S. renal ultrasound at 1,3 months and at 1 year after the procedure and a VCUG at 3-6 months. MRU at 1 year. DMSA scintigraphy were done at 6 months after the procedure. the investigators analyzed the outcome in these 2 surgical groups in terms of success rate at short-term follow-up, contralateral reflux, de novo hydronephrosis, urinary tract infections and complications.

The investigators considered that a patient was cured from reflux when there was no VUR on VCUG.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Children over one year with primary Vesico-Ureteral reflux grade III and IV.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Secondary Vesico-Ureteral reflux.
• Active urinary tract infection
• Untreated voiding dysfunction.

all IPD that underlie results in the publication including the Study Protocol Statistical Analysis Plan, Clinical Study Report, and Analytic Code.

the data will be available 6 months after publication.

the data will be shared with researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal to achieve aims in approved proposal. the mechanism of data availability include directing the approved proposal to (elsayedsalih@azhar.edu.eg) also data will be available at our university's warehouse after publication.