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Part 1 Patients with idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (iNPH) have variable disabilities regarding gait, balance, cognition and continence. Analysis of the gait pattern in iNPH has an important part in clinical diagnosing and evaluation of outcome after shunt surgery. The gait pattern is only partly explained and more detailed information about gait in iNPH is needed in relation with ordinary clinical measurements.
Part 2 Approximately 70 % of patients with iNPH improve after shunt surgery. Commonly different grading scales and measurements regarding functions are used in the evaluation. To some extent, patients improve in Quality of life after surgery (QoL). In this study, the patient´s own grading of improvements in relation with QoL, sense of coherence (SOC) and symptoms of depression and anxiety are analyzed.
Consecutive patients with iNPH, which are planed for shunt surgery at the neurological and neurosurgical departments of University Hospital of Linköping, are included. Before operation and 3 months postoperatively, the patient´s gait pattern are analyzed with RehaGait analysis system. The patients also fill in a questionnaire about SOC, QoL and symptoms of depression and anxiety at these assessment sessions. Additionally at the follow up, the patients are grading their overall experienced change and specified changes in gait, balance, continence and neuropsychology with the global Rating of Change Scale (GRC-scale). At baseline and at follow up, the patients also perform the ordinary clinical assessments with measurements covering the domains gait, balance, continence and neuropsychology in the iNPH-scale. A convenience sample of Healthy individuals aged > 60 years, conduct the same questionnaires: SOC, QoL and symptoms of depression and anxiety and perform the RehaGait analysis system once.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients | Patients with iNPH and shunt surgery. |
| |
| Healthy individuals | Healthy controls with similar gender and age distribution as the patients. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shunt surgery | Procedure | Patients are evaluated before and after shunt surgery which is a standard intervention in the clinical practice. HI do not undergo intervention. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Gait pattern assessed with the Hasomed RehaGait analyzer pro. Variable: Analyzed steps (number). | Measurement in part 1. Mobile gait analysis system. | Change from baseline to 3 month follow-up for patients. Once for HI. |
| Gait pattern assessed with the Hasomed RehaGait analyzer pro. Variable: Analyzed distance (m) | Measurement in part 1. Mobile gait analysis system. | Change from baseline to 3 month follow-up for patients. Once for HI. |
| Gait pattern assessed with the Hasomed RehaGait analyzer pro. Variable: Stride duration (seconds) | Measurement in part 1. Mobile gait analysis system. | Change from baseline to 3 month follow-up for patients. Once for HI. |
| Gait pattern assessed with the Hasomed RehaGait analyzer pro. Variable: Stride length (cm) | Measurement in part 1. Mobile gait analysis system. | Change from baseline to 3 month follow-up for patients. Once for HI. |
| Gait pattern assessed with the Hasomed RehaGait analyzer pro. Variable: Cadence (steps per minute) | Measurement in part 1. Mobile gait analysis system. | Change from baseline to 3 month follow-up for patients. Once for HI. |
| Gait pattern assessed with the Hasomed RehaGait analyzer pro. Variable: Gait phases (seconds) | Measurement in part 1. Mobile gait analysis system. | Change from baseline to 3 month follow-up for patients. Once for HI. |
| Gait pattern assessed with the Hasomed RehaGait analyzer pro. Variable: Heel strike and Toe of angle (angle degree) |
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Inclusion criteria for patients:
Exclusion criteria for patients:
Inclusion criteria for healthy individuals:
Exclusion criteria healthy individuals:
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Patients: Al consecutively available patients evaluated for iNPH at Neurology department Linköping University hospital.
HI: Convenience sample among relatives, friends and using advertising.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Fredrik Lundin, PhD | Neurology department, Linköping University Hospital | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neurology department, Linköping University Hospital | Linköping | Sweden |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 16160425 | Background | Relkin N, Marmarou A, Klinge P, Bergsneider M, Black PM. Diagnosing idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery. 2005 Sep;57(3 Suppl):S4-16; discussion ii-v. doi: 10.1227/01.neu.0000168185.29659.c5. | |
| 22571428 | Background | Klinge P, Hellstrom P, Tans J, Wikkelso C; European iNPH Multicentre Study Group. One-year outcome in the European multicentre study on iNPH. Acta Neurol Scand. 2012 Sep;126(3):145-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2012.01676.x. Epub 2012 May 10. |
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Measurement in part 1. Mobile gait analysis system. |
| Change from baseline to 3 month follow-up for patients. Once for HI. |
| Gait pattern assessed with the Hasomed RehaGait analyzer pro. Variable: Circumduction (cm) | Measurement in part 1. Mobile gait analysis system. | Change from baseline to 3 month follow-up for patients. Once for HI. |
| Gait pattern assessed with the Hasomed RehaGait analyzer pro. Variable: Ankle joint angle (degree of angle) | Measurement in part 1. Mobile gait analysis system. | Change from baseline to 3 month follow-up for patients. Once for HI. |
| Gait pattern assessed with the Hasomed RehaGait analyzer pro. Variable: Knee joint angle (degree of angle) | Measurement in part 1. Mobile gait analysis system. | Change from baseline to 3 month follow-up for patients. Once for HI. |
| Gait pattern assessed with the Hasomed RehaGait analyzer pro. Variable:Hip joint angle (degree of angle) | Measurement in part 1. Mobile gait analysis system. | Change from baseline to 3 month follow-up for patients. Once for HI. |
| Grading of severity in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus assessed with the Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Scale | Measurement in part 1 and part 2. Scores 0-100, higher scores mean a better outcome. | Change from baseline to 3 month follow-up for patients. Once for HI. |
| Mobility, walking ability and balance assessed with the Timed up and Go test | Measurement in part 1. Variables: Time in seconds and number of steps. | Change from baseline to 3 month follow-up for patients. Once for HI. |
| Rating of global change assessed with the Global Rating of Change Scale | Measurement in part 2. Scores -5-5 in global change, gait, balance, continence and cognition. Higher scores mean a better outcome. | Rating at 3 month follow-up for patients. |
| Sense of Coherence assessed with the 29 item Orientation to life questionnaire - swedish version (KASAM questionnaire) | Measurement in part 2. Scores 29-203, higher scores mean a better outcome. | Change from baseline to 3 month follow-up for patients. Once for HI. |
| Anxiety and depression assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale | Measurement in part 2. Anxiety scores 0-21, Depression scores 0-21, lower scores mean a better outcome. | Change from baseline to 3 month follow-up for patients. Once for HI. |
| Health-related quality of life assessed with EQ-5D-5L | Measurement in part 2. Scores 5-25, higher scores mean a better outcome. | Change from baseline to 3 month follow-up for patients. Once for HI. |
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| 40009597 | Derived | Rydja J, Pohl P, Eleftheriou A, Lundin F. Gait characteristics in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: A controlled study using an inertial sensor system. PLoS One. 2025 Feb 26;20(2):e0317901. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0317901. eCollection 2025. |