Delayed project onset; PI determined pilot data could be collected at a later date.

Beta-Caryophyllene is an essential oil and cannabis plant derivative also found in edible herbs. It has shown promise as a potential analgesic in preclinical trials. However, there are no human studies characterizing pharmacokinetics of BCP in humans. Therefore, it is of great importance to determine the pharmacokinetics of BCP in humans so that appropriate dosing can be developed for analgesia. This pharmacokinetic work will lay the groundwork for subsequent experiments testing the neural mechanism of BCP on pain.

Chronic pain conditions are among the most common reasons adults seek medical care. Given the abuse potential for opioid analgesics, a substantial number of individuals with chronic pain have turned to alternatives such as medical marijuana. There is increasing evidence that medical marijuana has potential benefits for pain related conditions, but it also carries unwanted side effects such as impaired cognition and motor skills that may linger long after use, social stigma, and a moderate potential for abuse. Much of the marijuana/pain research is predicated on the assumption that its potential analgesic effects are due to its primary psychoactive ingredient - delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). However, marijuana also contains dozens of phytochemicals, including cannabinoids and terpenes. Accordingly, there is interest in characterizing potential pain-relieving effects of these non-intoxicating constituents of marijuana. Thus far, it is unclear which components may be most relevant for influencing pain, or the mechanisms by which they exert their effects. Betacaryophyllene (BCP) may be a possible candidate because it is isolatable, has shown evidence as a potential analgesic in preclinical research, is known to be safe for human administration, and there is a strong premise for believing it interacts with the neurobiological systems in the brain that process pain.

This project was conceptualized to advance our mechanistic understanding of the analgesic potential of BCP in humans. The study will be a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of the pharmacokinetic mechanisms of BCP, including dosing and duration of action, and its potential analgesic effect on thermal pain induction following single-oral dosage. Ten healthy participants will be screened and on each of four subsequent visits will be dosed with either 5 mg, 30 mg, 150 mg of BCP or placebo. Participants' sensitivity to thermal pain induction will be measured before and after administration of the drug using a self survey of pain level. Successful completion of the project may elucidate the potential analgesic effects of ingesting beta-caryophyllene in humans, which can lead to new forms of treatment for pain.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Males and females of all races and ethnicities.
• 18/50 yrs old.
• Medically healthy (as determined by medical history and treatment).
• No current substance abuse disorder
• Adequate comprehension of English in order to complete study materials.
• Able and willing to provide written informed consent, and willing to commit to the study protocol.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Estimated premorbid intellectual disability <80 (WRAT-4)
• Neurological or medical disorder that may affect brain function.
• Comorbid DSM-V diagnosis of alcohol or substance abuse in prior 1 month or substance dependence in prior 3 months
• Vulnerable populations (e.g. pregnant, nursing, incarcerated); unwillingness to use reliable means of contraception.
• High risk for suicide defined as > 1 attempt in past 12 months that required medical attention, any attempt in the past 3 months or current suicidal ideation with plan and intent such that outpatient care is precluded.
• Current homicidal ideation with plan and intent such that outpatient care is precluded.
• Positive result on urine toxicology test for any substance, including CBD
• Any current acute or chronic pain condition
• Current use of any pain prescribed ROTC medications including opioids, NSAIDs, acetaminophen etc.
• Initial detection of abnormal liver function tests or CBC (see below)
• Initial detection of significant EKG abnormality