Trans-incisional Quadratus Lumborum Block Versus Caudal Analgesia in Pediatric Open Renal Surgeries.

Trans-incisional Quadratus Lumborum Block Versus Caudal Analgesia in Pediatric Open Renal Surgeries, a Randomized Clinical Trial.

There is scare literature about the usage of QLB in pediatric population, particularly the trans-incisional approach. Hence, the purpose of this study is to compare the postoperative analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided caudal epidural block versus ultrasound-guided QLB (trans-incisional) in combination with general anesthesia in pediatric patients undergoing elective open renal surgeries regarding pain scores, total analgesic consumption, and adverse effects.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. patients who will be scheduled for indicated open pediatric renal surgery in the lateral decubitus position (nephrectomy, partial nephrectomy, pyeloplasty and nephrolithotomy for complex renal stones).
2. physical status American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I or II.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. - patients whose guardians refuse to participate.
2. -ASA physical status >II. 3-patients who have contraindications to regional analgesic procedures. 4-patients who have major illnesses (e.g., cardiac, respiratory, renal, hepatic or neurological).

5-spine or chest wall deformity. 6-History of previous renal surgeries. 7-Coagulation abnormalities. 8-Infection at the injection site. 9-An allergy or contraindications to the drugs used in the study.