Study of Lenvatinib (MK-7902/E7080) in Combination With Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) Versus Standard of Care in Participants With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (MK-7902-017/E7080-G000-325/LEAP-017)

A Phase 3 Randomized Study of Lenvatinib in Combination With Pembrolizumab Versus Standard of Care in Participants With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Who Have Received and Progressed On or After or Became Intolerant to Prior Treatment

The purpose of this study is to assess the safety and efficacy of lenvatinib (MK-7902/E7080) in combination with pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in participants with metastatic colorectal cancer. The study will also compare lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab with the standard of care treatment of regorafenib and TAS-102 (trifluridine and tipiracil hydrochloride).

The primary study hypothesis is that lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab is superior to standard of care with respect to overall survival.

The Global portion, or Global Cohort, will include all participants who are enrolled during the Global enrollment period and will be the primary analysis population for the study. After enrollment of the global portion of the study is complete, the study will remain open to enrollment in China alone until the target number of participants from China have been enrolled to meet local regulatory requirements.

The China Cohort will include both participants enrolled in China for the Global Cohort plus those participants enrolled in China as part of the China extension enrollment period.

Per the supplemental Statistical Analysis Plan (sSAP), China participants randomized after the enrollment of the global portion is closed as part of the China extension enrollment period will not be included in the global analysis populations.

As pre-specified in the protocol, safety and efficacy outcome measures for the China Cohort will be analyzed separately from the Global Cohort.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Has histologically or cytologically confirmed diagnosis of unresectable and metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma (Stage IV A, B and C as defined by American Joint Committee on Cancer [AJCC] 8th edition). Note: Tumor must be determined to be NOT microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H)/mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) by local testing

• Has been previously treated for their disease and has shown disease progression as defined by RECIST 1.1 on or after or could not tolerate standard treatment, which must include ALL of the following agents if approved and locally available in the country where the participant is randomized:

  1. fluoropyrimidine, irinotecan and oxaliplatin
  2. with or without an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) monoclonal antibody (bevacizumab)
  3. with anti- epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibodies (cetuximab or panitumumab) for RAS (KRAS/NRAS) wild-type (WT) participants
  4. BRAF inhibitor (in combination with cetuximab +/- binimetinib) for BRAF V600E mutated metastatic colon cancer (mCRC)

• Has measurable disease per RECIST 1.1 assessed by the investigator

• Has provided to a designated central laboratory an archival tumor tissue sample or newly obtained core, incisional, or excisional biopsy of a tumor lesion which has not been previously irradiated

• Has an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 to 1 within 3 days prior to randomization

• Has a life expectancy of at least 3 months, based on the investigator assessment

• Has the ability to swallow capsules or ingest a suspension orally or by a feeding tube

• Has adequately controlled blood pressure (BP) with or without antihypertensive medications, defined as BP ≤150/90 millimeter of mercury (mmHg) with no change in antihypertensive medications within 1 week prior to randomization

• Male participants must agree to the following during the treatment period and for at least 90 days after the last dose of regorafenib or TAS-102 and at least 7 days after the last dose of lenvatinib: refrain from donating sperm PLUS either be abstinent from heterosexual intercourse as their preferred and usual lifestyle or use contraception. The male contraception period should continue for at least 7 days after discontinuation of lenvatinib

• A female participant is eligible to participate if she is not pregnant or breastfeeding, and at least one of the following conditions applies: is not a woman of childbearing potential (WOCBP) OR is a WOCBP and using a highly-effective contraceptive method during the treatment period and for at least 30 days after the last dose of lenvatinib, 120 days after the last dose of pembrolizumab, and 180 days after the last dose of regorafenib or TAS-102 (whichever is last) AND agrees not to donate eggs (ova, oocytes)

• A WOCBP must have a negative highly sensitive pregnancy test (urine or serum) within 24 hours before the first dose of study treatment

Exclusion Criteria:

• Has a tumor that is microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H)/mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) per local testing
• Has presence of gastrointestinal condition, eg, malabsorption, that might affect the absorption of study drug.
• Has present or progressive accumulation of pleural, ascitic, or pericardial fluid requiring drainage or diuretic drugs within 2 weeks prior to enrollment
• Has radiographic evidence of encasement or invasion of a major blood vessel invasion or of intratumoral cavitation. In the chest, major blood vessels include the main pulmonary artery, the left and right pulmonary arteries, the 4 major pulmonary veins, the superior or inferior vena cava, and the aorta
• Has clinically significant hemoptysis or tumor bleeding within 2 weeks prior to the first dose of study drug
• Has clinically significant cardiovascular disease within 12 months from first dose of study intervention, including New York Heart Association Class III or IV congestive heart failure, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, cerebral vascular accident, or cardiac arrhythmia associated with hemodynamic instability.

Participants with cardiac failure NYHA Class II, III and IV are not allowed to be assigned to the regorafenib in Arm B

• Has a history of arterial thromboembolism within 12 months of start of study drug
• Has urine protein ≥1 gram/24 hour
• Has prolongation of QT interval corrected with Fridericia's formula (QTcF interval) to >480 milliseconds
• Has left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) below the institutional (or local laboratory) normal range as determined by multigated acquisition (MUGA) or echocardiogram (ECHO)
• Has a known additional malignancy that is progressing or has required active treatment within the past 3 years with certain exceptions
• Has serious nonhealing wound, ulcer or bone fracture
• Has had major surgery within 3 weeks prior to first dose of study treatment
• Has received biologic response modifiers (eg, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) within 4 weeks before study entry
• Has preexisting ≥Grade 3 gastrointestinal or nongastrointestinal fistula
• Has received prior treatment with a combination of an anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, or anti PD-L2 agent with anti-VEGF monoclonal antibodies or vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors
• Has previously received regorafenib or TAS-102
• Has received prior systemic anti-cancer therapy including investigational agents within 28 days prior to randomization
• Has received prior radiotherapy within 2 weeks of start of study treatment
• Has received a live or live-attenuated vaccine within 30 days prior to the first dose of study treatment
• Has known intolerance to lenvatinib, regorafenib, or TAS-102 and/or any of their excipients
• Is currently participating in or has participated in a study of an investigational agent or has used an investigational device within 28 days prior to the first dose of study treatment
• Has known central nervous system (CNS) metastases and/or carcinomatous meningitis.
• Has severe hypersensitivity (≥Grade 3) to pembrolizumab and/or any of its excipients
• Has an active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in past 2 years
• Has a diagnosis of immunodeficiency or is receiving chronic systemic steroid therapy (in dosing exceeding 10 mg daily of prednisone equivalent) or any other form of immunosuppressive therapy within 7 days prior the first dose of study medication
• Has a history of (non-infectious) pneumonitis that required steroids or has current pneumonitis
• Has an active infection requiring systemic therapy
• Has a known history of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection
• Has a known history of Hepatitis B or known active Hepatitis C virus infection
• Has a history or current evidence of any condition, therapy, or laboratory abnormality that might confound the results of the study, interfere with the participant's participation for the full duration of the study, or is not in the best interest of the participant to participate, in the opinion of the treating investigator
• Has a known psychiatric or substance abuse disorder that would interfere with the participant's ability to cooperate with the requirements of the study
• Has had an allogenic tissue/solid organ transplant