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The effects of an eccentric endurance training on central and peripheral hemodynamic adaptations and erythrocyte rheology during maximal exercise remained to be unexplored. The current study examined the contribution of rheological functions and/or hemodynamic adaptation to changes in oxygen consumption (VO2) following the matched-power output eccentric (ECT) or concentric cycling training (CCT).
Method: A total of 39 sedentary males were randomly assigned into either CCT (n=13) or ECT (n=13) for 30 min a day, 5 days a week for 6 weeks at 60% of maximal workload or to a CTL (control group, n = 13). A graded exercise test (GXT) was performed before and after the intervention. Central and microvascular adaptations were evaluated using thoracic impedance and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), respectively. Rheological characteristics was determined by an ektacytometer.
Endurance training is a well known strategy for improving fitness capacity. However, some populations are intolerance to complete the usual exercise training program, such as chronic heart or pulmonary disease or the elderly. Therefore, ECT is a candidate training strategy for those individuals.
Erythrocytes deformability is significantly related to the blood perfusion in microcirculation. The impaired erythrocyte-related rheology further lead to reduced aerobic capacity by our research team. Therefore, the lower energy consumed in ECT may avoid the oxidative stress. To now, less studies have demonstrated whether ECT influences peripheral hemodynamics by erythrocyte rheology and the blood flow from the central effect.
The investigators aimed to investigate the effects of CCT and ECT on oxygen consumption response explained by changes in local blood perfusion, blood cell rheology, or central function to attempt developing its application in rehabilitation.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eccentric cycling training | Experimental | Moderate intensity cycling training in eccentric type |
|
| Concentric cycling training | Experimental | Moderate intensity cycling training in concentric type (intensity matched the eccentric training) |
|
| Control group | No Intervention | without receiving any exercise training |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eccentric cycling training | Behavioral |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Central and peripheral hemodynamics | Evaluate cardiac and peripheral hemodynamic response to exercise by using noninvasive continuous cardiac output monitoring system and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). | 12 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Cardiopulmonary fitness | The graded exercise test (GXT) on a bicycle ergometer was performed. The GXT comprised 2 min of unloaded pedaling followed by a continuous increase in the work rate of 30 watt per 3-minute until exhaustion (i.e., progressive exercise to maximal O2 consumption) | 12 weeks |
| Erythrocyte rheological characteristics |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jong-Shyan Wang, PhD | Contact | +886-3-2118800 | 5748 | s5492@mail.cgu.edu.tw |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Jong-Shyan Wang, PhD | Chang Gung Memorial Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chang Gung University | Recruiting | Taoyuan | 333 | Taiwan |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 27899894 | Background | Hoppeler H. Moderate Load Eccentric Exercise; A Distinct Novel Training Modality. Front Physiol. 2016 Nov 16;7:483. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00483. eCollection 2016. | |
| 28302709 | Background | Haynes A, Linden MD, Chasland LC, Nosaka K, Maiorana A, Dawson EA, Dembo LH, Naylor LH, Green DJ. Acute impact of conventional and eccentric cycling on platelet and vascular function in patients with chronic heart failure. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2017 Jun 1;122(6):1418-1424. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01057.2016. Epub 2017 Mar 16. |
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|
| Concentric cycling training | Behavioral |
|
|
Isolated erythrocyte first, then detect the cell geometric shape by using the FACSCalibur. To assess erythrocyte deformability and aggregation by using laser assisted optical rotational red cell analyzer (LoRRca). |
| 12 weeks |
| 11719600 | Background | Lindstedt SL, LaStayo PC, Reich TE. When active muscles lengthen: properties and consequences of eccentric contractions. News Physiol Sci. 2001 Dec;16:256-61. doi: 10.1152/physiologyonline.2001.16.6.256. No abstract available. |
| 12730250 | Result | LaStayo PC, Ewy GA, Pierotti DD, Johns RK, Lindstedt S. The positive effects of negative work: increased muscle strength and decreased fall risk in a frail elderly population. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2003 May;58(5):M419-24. doi: 10.1093/gerona/58.5.m419. |