The investigators reviewed 12 years of clinical use in an outpatient neurology setting of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to evaluate safety and efficacy of TMS.

The investigators compiled demographic, clinical, and neurocognitive data on all patients who had received TMS for any reason in the clinic over a 12-year period. Of 236 patients receiving TMS, 59 patients with AD and 14 with MCI satisfied study criteria and were compared to controls from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC). Neurocognitive outcomes were compared between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electroencephalogram (EEG)-grid guided TMS in patients. Tolerability data was reviewed for all patients.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients meeting the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (NINCDS- ADRDA) criteria for possible or probable Alzheimer's disease.
• Patients meeting the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (NINCDS- ADRDA) criteria for mild cognitive impairment.
• Patients must have undergone at least two standardized neurocognitive batteries before and after beginning TMS.
• Patients must have received greater than or equal to five (5) TMS sessions in less than one year.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with dementias from other causes, such as Lewy Body disease.

Patients with Alzheimer disease or mild cognitive impairment.