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This study aims to explore whether quarantine measures, social distancing and hospital containment policies among women giving birth during the COVID-19 pandemic enhanced psycho-emotional distress in the immediate postpartum period. The investigators tested for depression using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in the first 6 postpartum months, and then used the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, measuring also the adherence and practices of breastfeeding according to WHO.
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale | Behavioral | The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale is a self-administered questionnaire made up of 10 items scored using a four-point Likert scale (0-3) designed to screen for symptoms of postpartum depression. Postpartum depression represents the end of a continuum of severity of symptoms. The present study used a cutoff point for depressive symptomatology risk of higher than 12. | ||
| Breast Feeding Adherence | Behavioral | This will be addressed according to the breastfeeding initiation practices according to the WHO. | ||
| Fear of Covid-19 Scale | Behavioral | The Fear of Covid-19 Scale is a questionnaire that evaluates fear of the global pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2. It consists of seven items, each with a five-point Likert scale of options. The participant is instructed to choose the option that best represents their perception about the statement presented. The maximum possible total is 35 points. The scale's authors indicate that the higher the score is, the higher is the level of the participants' fear of COVID-19. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Post-Partum Depression Frequency | To explore the frequency of post-partum depression in women who gave birth during the COVID-19 pandemic | Baseline |
| Breast Feeding Adherence and behavior. | To explore the breastfeeding behavior of women who gave birth during the COVID-19 pandemic. The investigators asked the patients about the frequency of breastfeeding, the duration in months of how long the mothers breastfed in a previous child, if the participants have breastfed before, and whether the participants exclusively breastfed or complemented the nutrition with formula. | Baseline |
| Fear of Covid-19 severity | The Fear of Covid-19 Scale (FCV-19S) is a questionnaire that evaluates fear of the global pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2. The FVC-19S consists of seven items, such as "It makes me uncomfortable to think about coronavirus-19," "I am afraid of losing my life because of coronavirus-19," and "When watching news and stories about coronavirus-19 on social media, I become nervous or anxious," each with a five-point Likert scale of options. The participant is instructed to choose the option that best represents their perception about the statement presented. The maximum possible total is 35 points. The scale's authors indicate that the higher the score is, the higher is the level of the participants' fear of COVID-19. | Baseline |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Women who delivered singletons at term in the last 6 months during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Women who delivered singletons at term in the last 6 months during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social | Guadalajara | Jalisco | 44329 | Mexico |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001942 | Breast Feeding |
| D019052 | Depression, Postpartum |
| D000086382 | COVID-19 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005247 | Feeding Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D011644 | Puerperal Disorders |
| D011248 | Pregnancy Complications |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011569 | Psychiatric Status Rating Scales |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009483 | Neuropsychological Tests |
| D011581 | Psychological Tests |
| D004191 | Behavioral Disciplines and Activities |
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| D005261 |
| Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D003866 | Depressive Disorder |
| D019964 | Mood Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D011024 | Pneumonia, Viral |
| D011014 | Pneumonia |
| D012141 | Respiratory Tract Infections |
| D007239 | Infections |
| D014777 | Virus Diseases |
| D018352 | Coronavirus Infections |
| D003333 | Coronaviridae Infections |
| D030341 | Nidovirales Infections |
| D012327 | RNA Virus Infections |
| D008171 | Lung Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |