A New Treatment for Primary Smear-positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis With Interleukin-2

A Randomized Multicenter Clinical Trial of a New Treatment for Primary Smear- Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis With Interleukin-2

The purpose of the study is to compare the efficacy and safety of standard chemotherapy regimen 2HRZE/4HR plus IL-2 and standard regimen 2HRZE/4HR for newly diagnosed smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis.

1. Design:The study is a multi-center, randomized, controlled, open clinical trial.

2. Population:Initial smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients who fulfill the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

3. Investigational regimens:

   Experimental group regimen:2HRZE/4HR+Interleukin-2 （500000 units daily, subcutaneous injection in the first month） The control group regimen: 2HRZE/4HR Dosage: isoniazid 300mg(given once daily),rifampin 450mg(less than 50kg,given once daily) or 600mg(more than 50kg,given once daily),pyrazinamide 1500mg(less than 50kg,given once daily) or 30mg/kg(more than 50kg,given once daily),ethambutol 750mg(less than 50kg,given once daily) or 1000mg(more than 50kg,given once daily).

4. Primary and Secondary outcome measures:

primary efficacy outcome measures:(a)Negative conversion rate of sputum bacteria. (b)Sputum smear conversion proportion at the treatment completion .

secondary efficacy outcome measure:Recurrence rate after treatment.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Is willing and able to give informed consent to participate in the trial treatment and follow-up (signed or witnessed consent if the patient is illiterate).
2. Is aged 18-65 years.
3. Chest X-ray showed that there were active tuberculosis foci in the lungs with one of the following cases: (1) sputum specimens (or sputum and bronchial lavage fluid) were 2+ once or 1+ twice ; (2) sputum smear positive and sputum X-pert positive.
4. Newly diagnosed cases receiving anti-TB treatment for less than one month.
5. No other immune preparations （such as: thymosin，IFN-y，BCG-PSN，Mycobacterium vaccae，Utilins，lentinan ）were used in the past 3 months.
6. the urine analysis of Women of childbearing age are negative and agree to use the efficient contraception during the study period.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Has a known allergy to any drug of treatment regimens.
2. There are serious complications or impaired renal function (serum creatinine is 1.5 times higher than the normal limit) or impaired liver function (ALT or AST levels are 3 times higher than the normal limit); hemoglobin is less than 7.0g/dl. Platelets less than 50x109/L.
3. Complication with Diabetic.
4. The screening diagnosis was isoniazid resistance or rifampin resistance
5. There are serious cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure, hypertension, arrhythmia or post myocardial infarction state.
6. Is known to be pregnant or breast-feeding.
7. Karnofsky score is less than 50%.
8. Is taking any clinical trial in the past 3 months.
9. Is critically ill, and in the judgment of the investigator, not fit for the study or unlikely to complete the full course of study.
10. HIV is positive or AIDS patients.
11. Has Non tuberculous mycobacterial lung disease.
12. Merge with extra pulmonary tuberculosis.