This study aims to investigate the effect of a short-term prescription of ciprofloxacin on intestinal microbial pattern and seizure frequency of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Drug-resistant epilepsy with frequency of at least 2 seizure/Week
• Acceptance of patients or his/her guardian (Signing informed consent)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other fluoroquinolones
• History of tendon, renal, hepatic or cerebrovascular disease, organ transplantation or myasthenia gravis
• Usage of medications with interaction to ciprofloxacin
• No reliable contraception
• Pregnancy or breastfeeding
• Being under treatment with corticosteroid
• Usage of antibiotics in recent 2 months or need to use it during the study
• Patients who are candidate for epilepsy surgery or other nonmedical treatments
• Change in anti-seizure medications (ASMs) during recent month
• Patients who will need changes in ASMs dose during study