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Some patients with chronic subdural hematomas and transient neurological symptoms do not respond to standard antiepileptic drugs. The investigators think that some of them could have cortical depression rather than epileptic discharges. After an intensive literature review, the investigators found out that some antiepileptic dugs (Lamotrigine, Topiramate) were found to be efficient to treat cortical depression in other conditions (migraine, subarachnoid hemorrhage). In contrast, some other drugs (Levetiracetam) were not proved to be efficient. Knowing that, the investigators want to compare the efficacy of Topiramate against Levetiracetam in two different groups, the NESIS group (based on a NESIS score of 4 or more - increased risk of cortical depression) versus a non-NESIS group (score of 3 or less - increased risk of epileptic discharges).
Patients presenting with transient neurological symptoms in the context of subdural hemorrhage may present a diagnostic challenge. Many of these patients end up with a probable diagnosis of epilepsy (or acute symptomatic seizures), despite a negative electroencephalogram. The investigators believe that the origin of these transient neurologic symptoms in a significant subpopulation of these patients may in fact be cortical depolarization, rather than epileptiform activity. Very specific characteristics have already been identified that differentiate these patients from those who ultimately have epilepsy. The NESIS entity (nonepileptic, stereotypical, and intermittent symptoms) has been proposed to represent this group of patients. A NESIS score was then designed to help distinguish patients with epileptiform activity (confirmed by EEG) from those likely to have cortical depolarization. In other diseases presenting cortical depolarizations, certain antiepileptic treatments (including Topiramate) have already been recognized as effective. The investigators therefore want to perform a prospective, multicenter, randomized-controlled study (Topiramate group and Levetiracetam group) to determine whether a significant difference in the response to treatment exists between Topiramate and Levetiracetam in the NESIS group compared to the non-NESIS group. In addition, in a few eligible patients, the investigators will implant an electrocorticography electrode to demonstrate the existence of cortical depolarizations.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| NESIS - Levetiracetam | Active Comparator | Participant with a score NESIS of 4 or more (increased risk of having cortical depression). Levetiracetam is an anti-epileptic drug known to be inefficient in other condition with cortical depression. It will be use as an active comparator. |
|
| NESIS - Topiramate | Experimental | Participant with a score NESIS of 4 or more (increased risk of having cortical depression). Topiramate is an anti-epileptic drug known to be efficient in other condition with cortical depression. The investigators want to test his efficacy in chronic subdural hematoma with probable cortical depression. |
|
| Non NESIS - Levetiracetam | Active Comparator | Participant with a score NESIS of 3 or less (increased risk of having epileptic discharges). Levetiracetam is an anti-epileptic drug known to be inefficient in other condition with cortical depression. It will be use as an active comparator. Levetiracetam should be as efficient as Topiramate in a group a participant with epileptic discharges. |
|
| Non-NESIS - Topiramate | Experimental | Participant with a score NESIS of 3 or less (increased risk of having epileptic discharges). Topiramate is an anti-epileptic drug known to be efficient in other condition with cortical depression. The investigators want to test his efficacy in chronic subdural hematoma with probable cortical depression. Topiramate should be as efficient as Levetiracetam in a group a participant with epileptic discharges. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Topamax | Drug | TPM : 50 mg BID, with increased of 50 mg by week until efficacy, to a maximum of 100 mg BID. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Between-group difference in the number of TNS reported at 6 month in participants with a positive Nonepileptic, Stereotyped, Intermittent Symptoms (NESIS) score (4 and more) | The aim of this study is to demonstrate the efficacy of Topiramate in the treatment of patients with transient neurological symptoms in the context of chronic subdural hemorrhage with a positive NESIS score (4 and more), in whom usual epilepsy treatment appears to be less effective. To do this, the effect of Topiramate (shown to be effective in cortical depressions) will be compared with that of Levetiracetam (which has not been shown to be effective in cortical depressions). This is going to be done by a questionnaire that will assess the resolution of symptoms or not, or the percentage of diminution. | Through study completion, an average of 3 years |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Between-group difference in the number of TNS reported at 6 month in all participants (all NESIS scores) | If the investigators manage to demonstrate a significant difference between the response to TPM and LEV in the NESIS group compared to the non-NESIS group with our questionnaire, the evidence concerning the existence of a different process at the origin of the NESIS group will then be more numerous. As demonstrated in studies on rats, cortical spreading depolarization respond well to TPM and not to LEV. Cortical depolarizations will then be the main hypothesis of the reason why some responds better to TPM than LEV in our study. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| suzie adam, MD | Contact | 5146990518 | suzie.adam@usherbrooke.ca | |
| Mathieu Lévesque, MD | Contact | Levesque@neurorivesud.ca |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Christian Iorio-Morin, MD | Université de Sherbrooke | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke | Recruiting | Sherbrooke | Quebec | J1H 5N4 | Canada |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11424031 | Background | Cousseau DH, Echevarria Martin G, Gaspari M, Gonorazky SE. [Chronic and subacute subdural haematoma. An epidemiological study in a captive population]. Rev Neurol. 2001 May 1-15;32(9):821-4. Spanish. | |
| 28156246 | Background | Toi H, Kinoshita K, Hirai S, Takai H, Hara K, Matsushita N, Matsubara S, Otani M, Muramatsu K, Matsuda S, Fushimi K, Uno M. Present epidemiology of chronic subdural hematoma in Japan: analysis of 63,358 cases recorded in a national administrative database. J Neurosurg. 2018 Jan;128(1):222-228. doi: 10.3171/2016.9.JNS16623. Epub 2017 Feb 3. |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| Topiramate. Drug information. | View source |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot | Yes | No | No | Study Protocol | Sep 20, 2020 | Oct 21, 2020 |
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Patients with chronic subdural hematomas, transient neurological symptoms with negative EEG will be divided in two groups based on their NESIS scores (up to 3 (increased risk of epileptic seizures) and 4 or more (increased risk of cortical depression)). Those two groups are going to receive both Levetiracetam or Lamotrigine.
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The participant will not know the medication they are taking. When accepting to participate, they are going to have the full list of possible side effects, without knowing which one are link to which medication.
The doctors in charge of administering the questionnaires will be blind. The person in charge of analyzing the results will also be blind.
|
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| Levetiracetam | Drug | LEV : 500 mg BID, with increase of 1000 mg die divided in two doses each week until efficacy, to a maximum of 1500 mg BID. |
|
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| Through study completion, an average of 3 years |
| Incidence of cortical spreading depression on electrocorticography in the first postoperative week of patients with preoperative TNS. | The investigators think that cortical depression rather then epileptic discharges could be involved in some patients with transient neurological symptoms in context of subdural hematomas. Some participant could need decompression surgery for their subdural hematoma. The investigators will offer the insertion of electrocorticography electrods while this surgery. The aim of this intervention will be to prove cortical depression in some subjects by using electrocorticography that will be read by a neurologist specialized in epilepsy. | Through study completion, an average of 3 years |
| 28213197 | Background | Won SY, Dubinski D, Herrmann E, Cuca C, Strzelczyk A, Seifert V, Konczalla J, Freiman TM. Epileptic Seizures in Patients Following Surgical Treatment of Acute Subdural Hematoma-Incidence, Risk Factors, Patient Outcome, and Development of New Scoring System for Prophylactic Antiepileptic Treatment (GATE-24 score). World Neurosurg. 2017 May;101:416-424. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.02.024. Epub 2017 Feb 16. |
| 9759742 | Background | King MA, Newton MR, Jackson GD, Fitt GJ, Mitchell LA, Silvapulle MJ, Berkovic SF. Epileptology of the first-seizure presentation: a clinical, electroencephalographic, and magnetic resonance imaging study of 300 consecutive patients. Lancet. 1998 Sep 26;352(9133):1007-11. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)03543-0. |
| 31555809 | Background | Levesque M, Iorio-Morin C, Bocti C, Vezina C, Deacon C. Nonepileptic, Stereotypical, and Intermittent Symptoms (NESIS) in Patients With Subdural Hematoma: Proposal for a New Clinical Entity With Therapeutic and Prognostic Implications. Neurosurgery. 2020 Jul 1;87(1):96-103. doi: 10.1093/neuros/nyz355. |
| 23446683 | Background | Woitzik J, Hecht N, Pinczolits A, Sandow N, Major S, Winkler MK, Weber-Carstens S, Dohmen C, Graf R, Strong AJ, Dreier JP, Vajkoczy P; COSBID study group. Propagation of cortical spreading depolarization in the human cortex after malignant stroke. Neurology. 2013 Mar 19;80(12):1095-102. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182886932. Epub 2013 Feb 27. |
| 29673289 | Background | Klass A, Sanchez-Porras R, Santos E. Systematic review of the pharmacological agents that have been tested against spreading depolarizations. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2018 Jul;38(7):1149-1179. doi: 10.1177/0271678X18771440. Epub 2018 Apr 20. |
| 31046659 | Background | Harriott AM, Takizawa T, Chung DY, Chen SP. Spreading depression as a preclinical model of migraine. J Headache Pain. 2019 May 2;20(1):45. doi: 10.1186/s10194-019-1001-4. |
| 10768292 | Background | Shank RP, Gardocki JF, Streeter AJ, Maryanoff BE. An overview of the preclinical aspects of topiramate: pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and mechanism of action. Epilepsia. 2000;41(S1):3-9. |
| 26935348 | Background | Bagnato F, Good J. The Use of Antiepileptics in Migraine Prophylaxis. Headache. 2016 Mar;56(3):603-15. doi: 10.1111/head.12781. Epub 2016 Mar 3. |
| 18713156 | Background | Ashtari F, Shaygannejad V, Akbari M. A double-blind, randomized trial of low-dose topiramate vs propranolol in migraine prophylaxis. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008 Nov;118(5):301-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01087.x. |
| 11903524 | Background | Storey JR, Calder CS, Hart DE, Potter DL. Topiramate in migraine prevention: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Headache. 2001 Nov-Dec;41(10):968-75. doi: 10.1046/j.1526-4610.2001.01190.x. |
| 14982912 | Background | Brandes JL, Saper JR, Diamond M, Couch JR, Lewis DW, Schmitt J, Neto W, Schwabe S, Jacobs D; MIGR-002 Study Group. Topiramate for migraine prevention: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2004 Feb 25;291(8):965-73. doi: 10.1001/jama.291.8.965. |
| 18264012 | Background | Millan-Guerrero RO, Isais-Millan R, Barreto-Vizcaino S, Gutierrez I, Rivera-Castano L, Trujillo-Hernandez B, Baltazar LM. Subcutaneous histamine versus topiramate in migraine prophylaxis: a double-blind study. Eur Neurol. 2008;59(5):237-42. doi: 10.1159/000115637. Epub 2008 Feb 8. |
| 15316798 | Background | Diener HC, Tfelt-Hansen P, Dahlof C, Lainez MJ, Sandrini G, Wang SJ, Neto W, Vijapurkar U, Doyle A, Jacobs D; MIGR-003 Study Group. Topiramate in migraine prophylaxis--results from a placebo-controlled trial with propranolol as an active control. J Neurol. 2004 Aug;251(8):943-50. doi: 10.1007/s00415-004-0464-6. |
| 15624081 | Background | Mei D, Capuano A, Vollono C, Evangelista M, Ferraro D, Tonali P, Di Trapani G. Topiramate in migraine prophylaxis: a randomised double-blind versus placebo study. Neurol Sci. 2004 Dec;25(5):245-50. doi: 10.1007/s10072-004-0350-0. |
| 15096395 | Background | Silberstein SD, Neto W, Schmitt J, Jacobs D; MIGR-001 Study Group. Topiramate in migraine prevention: results of a large controlled trial. Arch Neurol. 2004 Apr;61(4):490-5. doi: 10.1001/archneur.61.4.490. |
| 17371357 | Background | Gupta P, Singh S, Goyal V, Shukla G, Behari M. Low-dose topiramate versus lamotrigine in migraine prophylaxis (the Lotolamp study). Headache. 2007 Mar;47(3):402-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2006.00599.x. |
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| Levetiracetam. Drug information. | View source |
| Santé canada, registres des produits pharmaceutiques. (Canadian drugs register) | View source |
| Side effects classification | View source |
| Prot_000.pdf |
| ICF | No | No | Yes | Informed Consent Form | Sep 20, 2020 | Oct 21, 2020 | ICF_001.pdf |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020200 | Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic |
| D004827 | Epilepsy |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006408 | Hematoma, Subdural |
| D020198 | Intracranial Hemorrhage, Traumatic |
| D020300 | Intracranial Hemorrhages |
| D002561 | Cerebrovascular Disorders |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D006259 | Craniocerebral Trauma |
| D020196 | Trauma, Nervous System |
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| D002908 | Chronic Disease |
| D020969 | Disease Attributes |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D006406 | Hematoma |
| D006470 | Hemorrhage |
| D014947 | Wounds and Injuries |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000077236 | Topiramate |
| D000077287 | Levetiracetam |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005632 | Fructose |
| D006601 | Hexoses |
| D009005 | Monosaccharides |
| D000073893 | Sugars |
| D002241 | Carbohydrates |
| D007661 | Ketoses |
| D000081 | Acetamides |
| D000577 | Amides |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D000085 | Acetates |
| D000144 | Acids, Acyclic |
| D002264 | Carboxylic Acids |
| D011760 | Pyrrolidinones |
| D011759 | Pyrrolidines |
| D006573 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |
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