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Patients with complaints of shoulder pain or limitation of motion, who admitted to outpatient orthopaedic clinic will be analyzed. It was planned to measure the subacromial distance using standardized both shoulder ap, true ap and outlet radiographs, and ultrasound to be performed for shoulder circumference soft tissue and muscle-tendon evaluation. The measurement made by the physical therapy and rehabilitation specialist with ultrasound will be considered to be accurate, and it was planned to evaluate the reliability of the graphy measurements by comparing this measurement with the measurements in the graphs. In addition, it was planned to evaluate the intra-observer and inter-observer compliance by re-measuring the subacromial distance on the radiograph by orthopedic doctors of three different seniority levels with an interval of one month.
Rotator cuff injuries are the most common injury to the shoulder girdle. Patients present to the clinic with shoulder compression at an early age and with tears in older ages. Nearly 50% of the population can be torn in advanced ages. Repetitive trauma caused by overuse is blamed for rotator cuff tears. The narrowing of the subacromial distance causes compression in the anterior, tears and enlargement of the tears by extrinsic mechanism. In addition, the surgery to be performed according to the subacromial distance and the benefit to the patient from this surgery can be predicted. In studies conducted in normal population, subacromial distance was reported to be between 6-12 mm, measurements made under 6-7 mm were evaluated as pathologically and were defined as tears that would not benefit from repair.
The reliability of this measurement, which guides the diagnosis and treatment, is important. The diagnosis of these diseases is made by imaging methods following the physical examination and then the decision of the appropriate treatment method is made. It is known that conventional radiographs constitute the first step of evaluation as a standard in almost all patients in orthopedic practice. Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound are often preferred for shoulder, shoulder circumference pathology and injuries, in relation to the examination findings after direct radiography at the diagnosis and examination stage. Drawing graphs on both shoulders from these images to provide comparative evaluation provides more detailed information in evaluation. The subacromial distance or acromiohumeral distance used in the evaluation of rotator cuff pathologies was defined as the shortest distance between the sclerotic inferior border of the acromion and the humeral head. The measurement of this distance can be made with direct graphy, mri, ct, and ultrasound. In the only systematic review on this subject, it was emphasized that this measurement can be made with ultrasound as the most reliable, and the evaluations made by direct radiography are worthless. In these inferences, the poor methodology of the studies made using direct graphy measurement was shown as the reason. Many studies have been carried out by standardizing the imaging, its importance has been proven by the inconsistent results of the study with non-standardized graphs.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| X-ray | Measurements of subacromial distance on standardized direct radiography |
| |
| ultrasound | Measurements of subacromial distance on ultrasound |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| subacromial distance measurement | Other | distance between acromion and humerus |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| RELIABILITY OF DIRECT RADIOGRAPHY IMAGING | The investigators will compare the results of subacromial distance measure on X-ray and ultrasound. Ultrasound measures were accepted as gold standart method. | within 2 weeks after first evaluation |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| REPRODUCIBLITY | if X-ray measurements will correlate with ultrasound, the investigators will evaluate intraobserver and interobserver measurement differences | 1 month apart measurements will be evaluate |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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All patients over the age of 18 who admitted to orthopedics and traumatology outpatient clinics with a complaint of non-traumatic shoulder pain for more than two weeks or traumatic shoulder pain will be study population.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Mehmet F Guven, Assoc.prof | Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Istanbul University- Cerrahpasa Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty | Istanbul | 34098 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15163107 | Background | Luime JJ, Koes BW, Hendriksen IJ, Burdorf A, Verhagen AP, Miedema HS, Verhaar JA. Prevalence and incidence of shoulder pain in the general population; a systematic review. Scand J Rheumatol. 2004;33(2):73-81. doi: 10.1080/03009740310004667. | |
| 10471998 | Background | Tempelhof S, Rupp S, Seil R. Age-related prevalence of rotator cuff tears in asymptomatic shoulders. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1999 Jul-Aug;8(4):296-9. doi: 10.1016/s1058-2746(99)90148-9. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019534 | Shoulder Impingement Syndrome |
| D000070636 | Rotator Cuff Injuries |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007592 | Joint Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
| D000070599 | Shoulder Injuries |
| D014947 | Wounds and Injuries |
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| 19540777 | Background | Yamamoto A, Takagishi K, Osawa T, Yanagawa T, Nakajima D, Shitara H, Kobayashi T. Prevalence and risk factors of a rotator cuff tear in the general population. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2010 Jan;19(1):116-20. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2009.04.006. |
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| 16861541 | Background | Saupe N, Pfirrmann CW, Schmid MR, Jost B, Werner CM, Zanetti M. Association between rotator cuff abnormalities and reduced acromiohumeral distance. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2006 Aug;187(2):376-82. doi: 10.2214/AJR.05.0435. |
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| 19451760 | Background | Mayerhoefer ME, Breitenseher MJ, Wurnig C, Roposch A. Shoulder impingement: relationship of clinical symptoms and imaging criteria. Clin J Sport Med. 2009 Mar;19(2):83-9. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0b013e318198e2e3. |
| 18162412 | Background | Werner CM, Conrad SJ, Meyer DC, Keller A, Hodler J, Gerber C. Intermethod agreement and interobserver correlation of radiologic acromiohumeral distance measurements. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2008 Mar-Apr;17(2):237-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2007.06.002. Epub 2007 Dec 26. |
| 30368566 | Background | Sasiponganan C, Dessouky R, Ashikyan O, Pezeshk P, McCrum C, Xi Y, Chhabra A. Subacromial impingement anatomy and its association with rotator cuff pathology in women: radiograph and MRI correlation, a retrospective evaluation. Skeletal Radiol. 2019 May;48(5):781-790. doi: 10.1007/s00256-018-3096-0. Epub 2018 Oct 27. |
| 32967710 | Background | Yoshida Y, Matsumura N, Yamada Y, Yamada M, Yokoyama Y, Matsumoto M, Nakamura M, Nagura T, Jinzaki M. Evaluation of three-dimensional acromiohumeral distance in the standing position and comparison with its conventional measuring methods. J Orthop Surg Res. 2020 Sep 23;15(1):436. doi: 10.1186/s13018-020-01935-9. |
| 16462449 | Background | van de Sande MA, Rozing PM. Proximal migration can be measured accurately on standardized anteroposterior shoulder radiographs. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2006 Feb;443:260-5. doi: 10.1097/01.blo.0000196043.34789.73. |
| 32471753 | Background | Ueda Y, Tanaka H, Tomita K, Tachibana T, Inui H, Nobuhara K, Umehara J, Ichihashi N. Comparison of shoulder muscle strength, cross-sectional area, acromiohumeral distance, and thickness of the supraspinatus tendon between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with rotator cuff tears. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2020 Oct;29(10):2043-2050. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2020.02.017. Epub 2020 May 26. |
| 32066419 | Background | Xu M, Li Z, Zhou Y, Ji B, Tian S, Chen G. Correlation between acromiohumeral distance and the severity of supraspinatus tendon tear by ultrasound imaging in a Chinese population. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2020 Feb 17;21(1):106. doi: 10.1186/s12891-020-3109-8. |
| 20127966 | Background | Pijls BG, Kok FP, Penning LI, Guldemond NA, Arens HJ. Reliability study of the sonographic measurement of the acromiohumeral distance in symptomatic patients. J Clin Ultrasound. 2010 Mar-Apr;38(3):128-34. doi: 10.1002/jcu.20674. |
| 25690908 | Background | McCreesh KM, Crotty JM, Lewis JS. Acromiohumeral distance measurement in rotator cuff tendinopathy: is there a reliable, clinically applicable method? A systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2015 Mar;49(5):298-305. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2012-092063. Epub 2013 Jul 2. |
| 18343920 | Background | Fehringer EV, Rosipal CE, Rhodes DA, Lauder AJ, Puumala SE, Feschuk CA, Mormino MA, Hartigan DE. The radiographic acromiohumeral interval is affected by arm and radiographic beam position. Skeletal Radiol. 2008 Jun;37(6):535-9. doi: 10.1007/s00256-008-0467-y. |
| D012421 |
| Rupture |
| D013708 | Tendon Injuries |