To evaluate the efficacy and safety of second uterine curettage in patients with low-risk non-metastatic GTN.

This is a randomized, multicenter clinical trial including patients seen at one of 13 gestational trophoblastic disease reference centers in Brazil. Subjects are eligible if they have low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia according to FIGO 2000 criteria and the FIGO/WHO prognostic risk score. The study includes two treatment arms: immediate treatment with single-agent chemotherapy (center choice of agent) or second uterine curettage. The primary outcome is the rate of primary remission. Secondary outcomes are the number of chemotherapy cycles required to achieve remission, rate of primary chemotherapy resistance, rate of relapse, and overall survival.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Histopathological diagnosis of molar pegnancy according to the morphological criteria described by Sebire et al., who meet the diagnostic criteria for low-risk non-metastatic GTN according to FIGO 2000 criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

1. High risk GTN (FIGO risk score ≥ 7) or metastatic disease at diagnosis of GTN (stage II, III or IV);
2. Histopathological diagnosis of choriocarcinoma, placental site trophoblastic or epithelioid trophoblastic tumor at the second curettage;
3. Previous chemotherapy treatment;
4. Level of hCG at the time of GTN diagnosis less than 20 IU/L (to minimize the risk of inclusion of patients with false positive hCG, either by cross-reaction with pituitary hormones or by the presence of circulating heterophilic antibodies);
5. Relapsed GTN;
6. Incomplete medical records.
7. Loss to follow-up;
8. Voluntary desire to stop participating in the study.

Treatment assignments are made by a remote investigator not involved in the clinical care of the patient using a coded key with random block sizes.