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The project focuses on two central issues:
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Children practicing football | Children in late childhood (age 10-12 years) practicing sport, which is high dynamic (> 75%), and low static (<10&) and in the same time it is open skill exercise sport (football) |
| |
| Children practicing gymnastics | Children in late childhood (age 10-12 years) practicing sport, which is low dynamic (<50%), high static (>30%) and in the same time it is closed skill exercise sport (sport gymnastics) |
| |
| Comparative group | A comparative group of children that do not attend sport classes or sports clubs, but carrying out sports activity and / or in other areas |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No intervention | Other | No intervention |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Attention | - PU1 Battery (Borkowska, SajewiczRadtke, Lipowska, Kalka, 2016) - attention (the ability to orientate on stimulus, motor speed, maintain attention on the visual stimulus, distinguishing significant and non-significant material). Higher score means better attention. | Baseline |
| Brain Waves | - EEG Biofeedback - bioelectric recording of brain activity from a centrally placed electrode to measure fast brainwaves (Alpha, Beta1, Beta2) and slow brainwaves (Delta, Theta) | Baseline |
| Short-term memory of verbal material material | - PU1 Battery (Borkowska, SajewiczRadtke, Lipowska, Kalka, 2016). Higher score means better short-term memory of verbal material | Baseline |
| Visual-spatial material | - PU1 Battery (Borkowska, SajewiczRadtke, Lipowska, Kalka, 2016). Higher score means better visual-spatial material. | Baseline |
| Executive functions | - PU1 Battery (Borkowska, SajewiczRadtke, Lipowska, Kalka, 2016). Higher score means better executive functions. | Baseline |
| Language functions | - PU1 Battery (Borkowska, SajewiczRadtke, Lipowska, Kalka, 2016). Higher score means better language functions. | Baseline |
| Episodic memory of visual-spatial material | - Diagnosis of Brain Injury (DUM) (Weidlich, Lamberti, 1996) [assessment of episodic memory of visual-spatial material (the rate of acquiring new information, the process of consolidation - the ability to transfer information from short-term to long-term memory)]. Higher score means better episodic memory of visual-spatial material (maximal points: 54, minimal: 0). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Sports Intensity by International Physical Activity Questionnaire (in a modified version, relating to children) (Biernat, 2007) | Higher scores mean a better physical activity. In test there are 3 categories of activity: insufficient (less than 600), sufficient (600 - 1500 or 600 - 3000) or high (more than 1500 or 3000 MET-min / week) | Baseline |
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Inclusion Criteria:
- Polish-speaking children
Exclusion Criteria:
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The participants will be recruited for research via Szkoły Mistrzostwa Sportowego [Sports Championship Schools] (criterion groups), sports clubs, as well as by establishing contact with other primary schools. Selecting 40 - 45 people aged 10-12 for each of the 2 control groups differentiated by the dynamic, static factor and nature of the sport close / open skill and for the comparative group of 40-45 children who are cognitively stimulated through physical activity and / or otherwise.
They will be enrolled to the study after giving their and their parents written consent to participate in the study.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ilona Bidzan-Bluma, MS | University of Gdansk | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Gdansk | Gdansk | Gdansk | 80-309 | Poland | ||
| University of Gdansk |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 33806653 | Derived | Bidzan-Bluma I. Twin-To-Twin Transfusion Syndrome Donor and Recipient and Their Subsequent Cognitive Functioning in Late Childhood as Juvenile Athletes-A Case Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 4;18(5):2545. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18052545. |
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| Baseline |
| Intelligence by CFT 20-R, The Culture Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT) - version 2, part 1 only (Cattell, Weiss, adapt. Stańczak,2013) | Measurement of fluid intelligence. Higher score means higher fluid intelligence (maximum number of points: 56, minimal: 0). | Baseline |
| Temperament by EAS Buss & Plomin Questionnaire (Buss, Plomin, 1997) | A questionnaire for parents, coaches, teachers. It consists of 20 items - statements, which suitableness is rated by the subject on a five-point scale (from "Never true" to "Always true"). This version has four scales: Shyness, Sociability, Activity, and Emotionality and has 20 items relating to each of the 4 temperaments. There is a 5-point rating scale (from 1: "not characteristic or typical of your child" to 5 : "very characteristic or typical of your child"). These scores belong to each temperament and they are summed. | Baseline |
| Gdansk |
| 80-309 |
| Poland |