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Investigator could not find a study comparing ESWT(Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy) and Peloidotherapy methods in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis in the literature. Therefore, in this study, it was planned to investigate the difference in effectiveness between Peloidotherapy and ESWT in the treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis.
The frequency of lateral epicondylitis (LE), one of the most common causes of elbow pain, has been reported to be 1-3%. It is usually seen between the ages of 40-50 and the dominant side is more frequently affected. The most common cause of elbow lateral pain in adults is LE (1,2). Pain that occurs in LE and radiates to the humerus and forearm is characteristic of this disease. (3). The diagnosis of lateral epicondylitis is usually made clinically. Dorsiflexion of the wrist against resistance, pressure on the lateral epicondyle and firm grip of an object causes pain radiating to the forearm. (4). With appropriate conservative treatments, 75-90% relief has been reported in patients with LE (1). Chronic symptoms develop in 5-10% of the patients. Various treatments have been tried to reduce the pain of the patient and increase the functions in LE, which restricts daily life activities. Although many treatment methods are used in the treatment of LE disease, it is controversial which is the most effective method. Extracorporeal Shock Wave therapy (ESWT), peloidotherapy, NSAID, corticosteroid injection, cold application, fascia loosening, electrotherapy applications, kinesio band, iontophoresis, splint, orthosis, acapuntur, ultrasound therapy, deep friction massage, exercise, manipulation, mobilization, laser, Botulinum toxin injection, tenotomy, and autologous blood injections are among the recommended treatments (4-9). Although there are so many different treatment methods in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis, there is no consensus on which one is the most effective and successful.
Peloids (medicinal mud) are organic or inorganic substances formed as a result of geological and / or biological events. They can be found in nature as fine particles, or they are made into small, fine particles by some pre-preparation processes. (10). Peloidotherapy is a special balneotherapy method made with natural muds (11). It is especially used in the treatment of diseases such as degenerative joint diseases, soft tissue rheumatism, lumbar discopathy, cervical discopathy, chronic back and neck pain, joint pain. Scientific studies on peloid treatment both in Turkey and abroad have shown that patients have reduced pain (12), improved physical functions, increased quality of life, and decreased pain medication use (12-15). A recent study demonstrated the effectiveness of peloidotherapy in LE. (16). Ökmen et al. In this study, the effectiveness of peloidotherapy and elbow bandage in the treatment of LE was compared. (16). This study remains the only one investigating the effectiveness of peloidotherapy in the treatment of LE.
Shock wave therapy (extracorporeal shock wave therapy, Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy-ESWT) is a new orthopedic treatment method based on focusing high amplitude sound waves on the desired area of the body and providing treatment there. (17). ESWT creates a cavitation effect in deep tissue by creating capillary microrupture, chemical mediator leakage, and neovascularization in damaged tissue with low or high energy options (18). Successful results have been reported with ESWT treatment in 48-73% of cases with recurrent LE with non-surgical methods (19). Due to its non-invasive nature and low complication rates, the use of ESWT in LE treatment is gradually increasing (20). Some authors state that ESWT has lateral LE effect (20). Some authors reported that ESWT is not in the treatment of LE (21).
Investigator did not find a study comparing ESWT and Peloidotherapy methods in the treatment of LE in the literature. In this thesis, our aim is to compare the effectiveness of peloidotherapy and ESWT methods used in the treatment of LE with a prospective clinical study.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peloid Therapy | Active Comparator | Group 1 (n = 35) will be given 15 sessions of peloid therapy + cold application + home exercise program for 3 weeks, 5 days a week(16). |
|
| ESWT(Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy) | Active Comparator | Group 2 (n = 35) will be applied 1 session per week for 3 weeks, 3 sessions of ESWT (1.8 bar, 10.0 Hz, 2000 beats) + cold application + home exercise program will be applied(4). |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy(ESWT) | Device | Group 2 (n = 35) will be applied 1 session per week for 3 weeks, 3 sessions of ESWT (1.8 bar, 10.0 Hz, 2000 beats) + cold application + home exercise program will be applied. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Descriptive Characteristics of Patients | Patients were questioned about age, gender, body mass index (BMI), education level, occupation, the extremity affected by the dominant, duration of complaints, previous treatments and when the last treatment was administered. | All evaluations will be applied one time by the same investigator in both groups, at the beginning of the treatment. |
| Evaluation of Grip Force Change | The grip strength of the hand is accepted as the most objective criterion of the functional integrity of the upper extremity. Hand grip strength also provides convenience and objectivity in evaluating the treatment. (26). It is known that hand grip strength measurements with the Jamar hand dynamometer, which is one of the methods used for this purpose, give reliable results (22, 26, 27). Jamar dynamometer will be used in hand grip strength measurements. | All evaluations will be applied three times by the same investigator in both groups, at the beginning of the treatment, in the 3rd week after the treatment, and on the 4th week after the end of the treatment. |
| Evaluation of Subjective Pain Intensity Change | Pain interrogation using a 0-10 point Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) will be used to detect pain and disability caused by the disease. The questions were pain at rest, pain during straining, pain relief effectiveness, subjective work failure, difficulty in lifting 2 kg objects, inability during hobby activities and sleep disturbance. Patients were asked to answer each question as 0 (no pain or disability) 10 (worst possible pain or disability) on a scale of 0-10 cm. The total pain score, which is the sum of 7 different sub-scores, will be calculated for each patient. In addition to 0-10 point Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the severity of pain during maximum hand grip. | All evaluations will be applied three times by the same investigator in both groups, at the beginning of the treatment, in the 3rd week after the treatment, and on the 4th week after the end of the treatment. |
| Treatment Satisfaction Level Change |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| hasan koru | Contact | 09005312746347 | hasan.koru10@gmail.com |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| hasan koru | assistant doctor | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Konya Beyhekim Training and Research Hospital Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic | Recruiting | Selçuklu | Konya | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Background | 1.Barrington J, Hage W. Lateral epicondylitis (tenis elbow): nonoperative, open, or arthroscopic treatment?. Curr Opin Orthop 2003; 14: 291-295. | ||
| Background | 2.Chard MD. The Elbow. In Hochberg MC, Silman AJ, Smolen JS, Weinblatt ME, Weisman MH, editors. Rheumatology. 3rd ed. Mosby, London; 2003. p. 631-9. | ||
| 16968862 | Background | Shiri R, Viikari-Juntura E, Varonen H, Heliovaara M. Prevalence and determinants of lateral and medial epicondylitis: a population study. Am J Epidemiol. 2006 Dec 1;164(11):1065-74. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwj325. Epub 2006 Sep 12. | |
| Background | 4.Soner Akkurt, Ahmet Yılmaz, Tolga Saka. Lateral epikondilit tedavisinde ekstrakorporeal şok dalga tedavisi, fizyoterapi ve lokal steroid enjeksiyonunun karşılaştırılması Turk J Phys Med Rehab 2016;1(62):37-44. |
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1 year after publication in the journal under sci
April 2023 - April 2025
1 year after publication in the journal under sci
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The study was designed as prospective, case-control and hospital-based.
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| Peloid therapy | Other | Group 1 (n = 35) will be given 15 sessions of peloid therapy + cold application + home exercise program for 3 weeks, 5 days a week |
|
| Home Workout Program | Other | Patients will be given a home exercise program consisting of eccentric strengthening exercises and stretching exercises, which are planned to increase resistance every week. The patients will be taught strengthening exercises for forearm pronation-supination with wrist extensors and a home exercise program will be started 3 sets of 10 repetitions per day. |
|
| Cold application | Other | At the beginning of each treatment, gel ice packs are wrapped with a moist towel and placed around the elbow joint for 15 minutes. will be applied. |
|
"Roles and Maudsley Scoring" will be used to measure the treatment satisfaction level of the patients. The "Roles and Maudsley Scoring" is a measure of whether patients with lateral epicondylitis benefit from treatment. It is scored between 1 and 4 points. 1 point indicates that satisfaction with treatment and benefit from treatment is high. As the score level increases, the level of satisfaction and benefit from treatment decreases. 4 points show that he did not benefit from the treatment at all and he was not satisfied. |
| All evaluations will be applied two times by the same investigator in both groups, in the 3rd week after the treatment, and on the 4th week after the end of the treatment. |
| Evaluation of Functionality Level Change | Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) Questionnaire; The field-specific outcome measurement DASH questionnaire has been developed to evaluate functional status and symptoms in musculoskeletal disorders occurring in the upper extremity.The DASH questionnaire consists of 3 parts. The first part consists of 30 questions; 21 questions assess the patient's difficulties during daily life activities, 5 questions evaluate symptoms (pain, activity-related pain, tingling, stiffness, weakness), and each of the remaining 4 questions assess social function, work, sleep and patient self-confidence. | All evaluations will be applied three times by the same investigator in both groups, at the beginning of the treatment, in the 3rd week after the treatment, and on the 4th week after the end of the treatment. |
| Evaluation of Functionality Level Change | Patient-Rated Forearm Evaluation Questionnaire(PRFEQ), a Turkish validated scoring system, is designed to assess arm pain and functions over a 1-week period. It questions how much pain and difficulty you have had with your arm over the past week. Pain is assessed with 5 questions and functions with 10 questions. The subtitles of PRFEQ related to pain are scored between 0 (no pain) and 10 (worst possible pain) on a 0-10 cm VAS scale. | All evaluations will be applied three times by the same investigator in both groups, at the beginning of the treatment, in the 3rd week after the treatment, and on the 4th week after the end of the treatment. |
| Evaluation of Quality of Life Change | The SF-36 (the MOS 36-item short-form health survey) Health Survey is a 36-question questionnaire consisting of 8 subgroups to measure the general quality of life. It is filled by the patient himself. It has eight subgroups (general health, physical function, physical condition, pain, life functions, social functions, emotional state, mental health) and 2 summary scales (mental health and physical health). It is scored between 0 and 100, with 0 reporting the worst health condition, 100 the best health condition. | All evaluations will be applied three times by the same investigator in both groups, at the beginning of the treatment, in the 3rd week after the treatment, and on the 4th week after the end of the treatment. |
| 15954044 | Background | Derebery VJ, Devenport JN, Giang GM, Fogarty WT. The effects of splinting on outcomes for epicondylitis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005 Jun;86(6):1081-8. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2004.11.029. |
| Background | 6. Ölmez N, Memiş A. Lateral Epikondilit Tedavisinde Kanıta Dayalı Veriler. Rewiev . Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci 2010;30(1) |
| 8342481 | Background | Foley AE. Tennis elbow. Am Fam Physician. 1993 Aug;48(2):281-8. |
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| Background | 9. Aydin A, Celepkolu T, Atiç R, Alemdar C, Aydin ZS, Cevik R. Effects of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy On The Quality of Life And Pain in Patients With Lateral Epicondylitis. Euras J Fam Med 2018;7(1):29-36 |
| Background | 10. Karagülle MZ. Balneoloji ve Kaplıca Tıbbı. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; 2002. s. 15-36. |
| Background | 11. Özer UN. Kaplıca Tedavisi. In: Tuna N, Eds. Romatizmal Hastalıklar. Ankara: Hacettepe Taş Kitapçılık; 1994. s. 229-42. |
| 25516113 | Background | Fioravanti A, Bacaro G, Giannitti C, Tenti S, Cheleschi S, Gui Delli GM, Pascarelli NA, Galeazzi M. One-year follow-up of mud-bath therapy in patients with bilateral knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, single-blind controlled trial. Int J Biometeorol. 2015 Sep;59(9):1333-43. doi: 10.1007/s00484-014-0943-0. Epub 2014 Dec 17. |
| 24008567 | Background | Liu H, Zeng C, Gao SG, Yang T, Luo W, Li YS, Xiong YL, Sun JP, Lei GH. The effect of mud therapy on pain relief in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Int Med Res. 2013 Oct;41(5):1418-25. doi: 10.1177/0300060513488509. Epub 2013 Sep 5. |
| 23236190 | Background | Espejo-Antunez L, Cardero-Duran MA, Garrido-Ardila EM, Torres-Piles S, Caro-Puertolas B. Clinical effectiveness of mud pack therapy in knee osteoarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2013 Apr;52(4):659-68. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes322. Epub 2012 Dec 11. |
| 23689969 | Background | Tefner IK, Gaal R, Koroknai A, Rathonyi A, Gati T, Monduk P, Kiss E, Kovacs C, Balint G, Bender T. The effect of Neydharting mud-pack therapy on knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, controlled, double-blind follow-up pilot study. Rheumatol Int. 2013 Oct;33(10):2569-76. doi: 10.1007/s00296-013-2776-2. Epub 2013 May 21. |
| 28620677 | Background | Okmen BM, Eroksuz R, Altan L, Aksoy MK. Efficacy of peloid therapy in patients with chronic lateral epicondylitis: a randomized, controlled, single blind study. Int J Biometeorol. 2017 Nov;61(11):1965-1972. doi: 10.1007/s00484-017-1386-1. Epub 2017 Jun 15. |
| Background | 17.İsmail Baloğlu, M. Hakan Özsoy, Hilmi Aydınok, Veli Lök. Ortopedi ve Travmatolojide Şok Dalga Tedavisi. TOTBİD (Türk Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Birliği Derneği) Dergisi. 2005 • Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1-2. |
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| 37934301 | Derived | Koru H, Yilmaz H, Yilmaz R, Karpuz S. Comparison of the efficiency of peloidotherapy and extracorporeal shock wave therapies in patients diagnosed with lateral epicondylitis: a prospective, randomized, controlled study. Int J Biometeorol. 2024 Jan;68(1):101-108. doi: 10.1007/s00484-023-02574-5. Epub 2023 Nov 7. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013716 | Tennis Elbow |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000070639 | Elbow Tendinopathy |
| D052256 | Tendinopathy |
| D009135 | Muscular Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
| D000092464 | Elbow Injuries |
| D001134 | Arm Injuries |
| D014947 | Wounds and Injuries |
| D013708 | Tendon Injuries |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000074059 | Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy |
| D009094 | Mud Therapy |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014464 | Ultrasonic Therapy |
| D003972 | Diathermy |
| D006979 | Hyperthermia, Induced |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D026741 | Physical Therapy Modalities |
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |
| D001452 | Balneology |
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