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Frozen shoulder is a painful and disabling disorder of unclear cause, affecting middle-age people after their 5th decades. They suffer from annoying pain and limited shoulder mobility. Energy Accumulator provides a better way of relief through an integrative medicine concept.
Frozen shoulder is common among middle-aged persons in the 5th and 6th decades. The pain can be acute or chronic. Patients feel stiffness over the shoulder, shown by restriction in range of motion. The etiology includes trauma, cervical disc degeneration, physical strain, psychosocial problems and even genetic factors. The predisposing factors include immobilization of the arm for a long time, rotator cuff or biceps tendinitis, tenosynovitis of the long head of the biceps, congenital deformity of the shoulder girdle, scapula-costal cementing, ligamentous injury, osteoarthritis, muscular fibrosis or nutritional deficiencies. The pathology is unclear but it is widely believed that it is related to inflammation in the joint and surrounding soft tissues which lead to fibrosis. Frozen Shoulder can be divided into Primary Frozen Shoulder which occurs spontaneously without other diseases; and Secondary Frozen Shoulder is associated with joint diseases, such as osteoarthritis or fractures.
UKFROST was a multi-centre randomized clinical trial comparing 3 parallel groups (arms) of frozen shoulder patients treated 1) under anaesthesia + steroid injection 2) under anaesthesia + arthoscopy, and 3) physiotherapy + steriod injection..The large-scale study proves physiotherapy program beneficial to frozen shoulder patients, and, the effectiveness might further improve by introducing East-Meets-West component - Chinese Medicine.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Energy accumulator | Experimental | Energy Accumulator was a portable handheld device invented for local heat therapy for healthcare purpose. All subjects treated with thermal therapy using the Energy Accumulator by acupoint concepts. |
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| Home exercise program | Experimental | Home exercises aimed at providing gentle mobilization at the shoulder and were capable of carrying out at home. Patients were requested to perform the movements on a daily basis within the first 4 weeks of treatment. Four movements were involved: Movement 1 - Pendular Exercise, Movement 2 - Circle Exercise, Movement 3 - Wall Climbing Exercise, and Movement 4 - Lie on bed and move both arms up and down. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Energy accumulator | Device | All subjects treated with thermal therapy using the Energy Accumulator by acupoint concepts. The course included 8 sessions of treatment, twice every week for 4 weeks. Each session lasted for 30-45 minutes. During heat therapy, the ceramic nozzle of the Energy Accumulator was lightly pressed in contact of the skin, without any contact medium, and moved slowly along the meridians with some circular movements. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Visual Analogue Scale (10-point Likert scale) | A pain scale containing integers between min 0 and max 10. The higher scale the better outcome (less pain) | Baseline |
| Visual Analogue Scale (10-point Likert scale) | A pain scale containing integers between min 0 and max 10. The higher scale the better outcome (less pain) | 4 weeks |
| Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) | 12-item patient-reported patient reported outcome specifically designed and developed for assessing outcomes of shoulder surgery e.g. for assessing the impact on patients' quality of life of degenerative conditions such as arthritis and rotator cuff problems. Min 0 Max 48. The higher score the better outcome. | Baseline |
| Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) | 12-item patient-reported patient reported outcome specifically designed and developed for assessing outcomes of shoulder surgery e.g. for assessing the impact on patients' quality of life of degenerative conditions such as arthritis and rotator cuff problems. Min 0 Max 48. The higher score the better outcome. | 4 weeks |
| Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) | (SPADI) is a self-administered questionnaire that consists of two dimensions, one for pain and the other for functional activities. Min 0 Max 100. The lower the better outcome. | Baseline |
| Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) | (SPADI) is a self-administered questionnaire that consists of two dimensions, one for pain and the other for functional activities. Min 0 Max 100. The lower the better outcome. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Range of motion | To measure the range of motion of the affected and unaffected shoulder. Min 0 Max 180 degrees. The higher number the better. | Baseline |
| Range of motion | To measure the range of motion of the affected and unaffected shoulder. Min 0 Max 180 degrees. The higher number the better. |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Kevin Ki-Wai Ho, Dr. | Chinese Univerisity of Hong Kong | Principal Investigator |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002062 | Bursitis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007592 | Joint Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
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| Home exercise program | Behavioral | Home exercises aimed at providing gentle mobilization at the shoulder and were capable of carrying out at home. Patients were requested to perform the movements on a daily basis within the first 4 weeks of treatment. Four movements were involved: Movement 1 - Pendular Exercise, Movement 2 - Circle Exercise, Movement 3 - Wall Climbing Exercise, and Movement 4 - Lie on bed and move both arms up and down. |
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| 4 weeks |
| Short Form-12 (SF-12) | SF-12 is a self-reported outcome measure assessing the impact of health on an individual's everyday life. Min 0 Max 100. The higher scores the better outcome. | Baseline |
| Short Form-12 (SF-12) | SF-12 is a self-reported outcome measure assessing the impact of health on an individual's everyday life. Min 0 Max 100. The higher scores the better outcome. | 4 weeks |
| 4 weeks |