Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
The purpose of the study is to compare the effectiveness of a combination of intranasal fentanyl and intranasal midazolam to intranasal midazolam alone for analgesia and anxiolysis in patients presenting for facial laceration repair in the pediatric emergency department.
This study will be a single blind (blinded observer) randomized control trial to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of intranasal fentanyl and intranasal midazolam compared to intranasal midazolam alone for analgesia and anxiolysis during pediatric facial laceration repair.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intranasal Midazolam and Intranasal Fentanyl | Experimental | Study participants assigned to the combination (experimental) group will receive a weight-based dose of intranasal Fentanyl (50mcg/mL concentration at 2mcg/kg up to 100mcg) followed by intranasal Midazolam (5mg/mL concentration at 0.2mg/kg up to 10mg) using a mucosal atomizer device (1mL syringe with an attached atomizer). |
|
| Intranasal Midazolam | Active Comparator | Study participants assigned to the control (active comparator) group will receive only intranasal Midazolam (5mg/mL concentration at 0.3mg/kg up to 10mg) using a mucosal atomizer device (1mL syringe with an attached atomizer). |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intranasal Fentanyl Spray and Intranasal Midazolam Spray | Drug | Intranasal Fentanyl 2mcg/kg and Intranasal Midazolam 0.2mg/kg |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Score (mYPAS) | mYPAS score at time of positioning, to be completed by blinded researcher (provider) to assess anxiety level. Scores range from 22.5 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater anxiety. | Pre-procedure |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Provider Satisfaction with Procedural Sedation (Visual Analog Score) | VAS (visual analog score) completed by blinded researcher (provider) to rate satisfaction with level of sedation and ease of procedure. The scale will range from 0 (unsatisfied) to 100 (very satisfied). | Immediately after the procedure |
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brittany J DiFabio, MD | Contact | 512-324-0093 | brittany.difabio@ascension.org | |
| Matthew Wilkinson, MD | Contact | 512-324-0093 | mhwilkinson@ascension.org |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Brittany J DiFabio, MD | University of Texas at Austin | Principal Investigator |
Not provided
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23109683 | Background | Fein JA, Zempsky WT, Cravero JP; Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine and Section on Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine; American Academy of Pediatrics. Relief of pain and anxiety in pediatric patients in emergency medical systems. Pediatrics. 2012 Nov;130(5):e1391-405. doi: 10.1542/peds.2012-2536. Epub 2012 Oct 29. | |
| 10629683 |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008874 | Midazolam |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001569 | Benzodiazepines |
| D001552 | Benzazepines |
| D006574 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring |
| D000072471 | Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
A non-blinded researcher (physician) will determine the group to which the patient is assigned and order the medication(s) according to the assigned group. A separate blinded researcher (physician) will then perform the laceration repair, mYPAS, and post-procedure evaluations. The non-blinded researcher, nurse, parent, and patient will be advised not to disclose which medication(s) were administered to ensure blinding of the provider performing the laceration repair and assessment.
|
| Intranasal Midazolam Spray | Drug | Intranasal Midazolam 0.3mg/kg |
|
|
| Parent Satisfaction with Anxiolysis (Visual Analog Scale) |
VAS (visual analog score) completed by parent to rate satisfaction with level of anxiolysis for procedure. The scale will range from 0 (unsatisfied) to 100 (very satisfied). |
| Immediately after the procedure |
| Rate of Treatment Failure | Failure of intervention to provide appropriate anxiolysis and need for IV sedation | Immediately after the procedure |
| Duration of Procedure | Duration of procedure from positioning to last suture placement, to be recorded by blinded researcher (provider) | Immediately after the procedure |
| Kennedy RM, Luhmann JD. The "ouchless emergency department". Getting closer: advances in decreasing distress during painful procedures in the emergency department. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1999 Dec;46(6):1215-47, vii-viii. doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70184-x. |
| 29720907 | Background | Miller JL, Capino AC, Thomas A, Couloures K, Johnson PN. Sedation and Analgesia Using Medications Delivered via the Extravascular Route in Children Undergoing Laceration Repair. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2018 Mar-Apr;23(2):72-83. doi: 10.5863/1551-6776-23.2.72. |
| 30146398 | Background | Ryan PM, Kienstra AJ, Cosgrove P, Vezzetti R, Wilkinson M. Safety and effectiveness of intranasal midazolam and fentanyl used in combination in the pediatric emergency department. Am J Emerg Med. 2019 Feb;37(2):237-240. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2018.05.036. Epub 2018 May 17. |
| 9322455 | Background | Kain ZN, Mayes LC, Cicchetti DV, Bagnall AL, Finley JD, Hofstadter MB. The Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale: how does it compare with a "gold standard"? Anesth Analg. 1997 Oct;85(4):783-8. doi: 10.1097/00000539-199710000-00012. |
| 12472704 | Background | Kogan A, Katz J, Efrat R, Eidelman LA. Premedication with midazolam in young children: a comparison of four routes of administration. Paediatr Anaesth. 2002 Oct;12(8):685-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1460-9592.2002.00918.x. |
| 27129606 | Background | Neville DN, Hayes KR, Ivan Y, McDowell ER, Pitetti RD. Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial of Intranasal Dexmedetomidine Versus Intranasal Midazolam as Anxiolysis Prior to Pediatric Laceration Repair in the Emergency Department. Acad Emerg Med. 2016 Aug;23(8):910-7. doi: 10.1111/acem.12998. |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |