5 patient minimum

5 patient minimum

Maximum Grip Strength will be measured using a hand-held dynamometer (K-FORCE Grip dynamometer®. Kinvent Biomequanique S.A.S, Montpellier, France) during the preoperative, intraoperative (Awake craniotomy) and postoperative period.

Maximum grip strength (KgF) will be measured using hand-held dynamometry every 2 minutes from the time the patient awakes until the end of surgery. Intraoperative maximum grip strength baseline is defined as the mean of 3 consecutive measures with <10% variability.

To validate the use of hand-held dynamometry as an adequate tool to monitor intraoperative motor function during awake craniotomies (AC), maximum grip strength (KgF) will be measured every 2 minutes from the time the patient awakes to the end of surgery. The intra-individual variability will be defined as the percent difference between sets with 10% or greater defined as substantial variability.

To validate the use of hand-held dynamometry as an adequate tool to monitor intraoperative motor function during AC, each patient will be baselined (mean of 6 consecutive measurements) during the preoperative neuropsychology evaluation. Variability from preoperative baseline will be calculated as a percentile [ (Preoperative Baseline/ Intraoperative Baseline)/ Preoperative Baseline) * 100]

Defined as the duration of the procedure from the initiation of skin incision to the completion of skin closure according to anesthesia records. Measured in minutes.

Concordance between hand-held dynamometer and manual motor testing will be evaluated using Spearmans' correlation coefficient.