Comparison of Standard of Care Treatment With a Triplet Combination of Targeted Immunotherapeutic Agents

A Randomized Phase II Trial of Triplet Therapy (A PD-L1 Inhibitor Durvalumab (MEDI4736) in Combination With Olaparib and Cediranib) Compared to Olaparib and Cediranib or Durvalumab (MEDI4736) and Cediranib or Standard of Care Chemotherapy in Women With Platinum-Resistant Recurrent Epithelial Ovarian Cancer, Primary Peritoneal or Fallopian Cancer Who Have Received Prior Bevacizumab

This phase II trial studies the possible benefits of treatment with different combinations of the drugs durvalumab, olaparib and cediranib vs. the usual treatment in patients with ovarian, primary peritoneal, or fallopian tube cancer that has come back after a period of improvement with platinum therapy (recurrent platinum resistant). Usual treatment is the type of treatment most patients with this condition receive if they are not part of a clinical study. Combination therapies studied in this trial include MEDI4736 (durvalumab) plus olaparib and cediranib, durvalumab and cediranib, or olaparib and cediranib. Monoclonal antibodies, such as durvalumab, may help the body's immune system attack the cancer, and may interfere with the ability of tumors cells to grow and spread. Olaparib is an inhibitor of PARP, an enzyme that helps repair deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) when it becomes damaged. Blocking PARP may help keep cancer cells from repairing their damaged DNA, causing them to die. PARP inhibitors are a type of targeted therapy. Cediranib may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking VEGF (an enzyme). needed for cell growth. Giving different combinations of durvalumab, olaparib and cediranib may work better in increasing the duration of time that the cancer does not progress compared to the usual treatment.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:

I. To assess the efficacy of the combinations durvalumab (MEDI4736) plus olaparib and cediranib, durvalumab (MEDI4736) plus cediranib, or olaparib and cediranib, as measured by progression-free survival (PFS), as compared to physician's choice standard of care chemotherapy, in patients with recurrent platinum-resistant ovarian, primary peritoneal or fallopian tube cancer who had prior bevacizumab.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To assess the efficacy of the combinations durvalumab (MEDI4736) plus olaparib and cediranib, durvalumab (MEDI4736) plus cediranib, or olaparib and cediranib, as measured by overall response rate (ORR) by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1, as compared to physician's choice standard of care chemotherapy, in patients with recurrent platinum-resistant ovarian, primary peritoneal or fallopian tube cancer who had prior bevacizumab.

II. To assess the efficacy of the combinations durvalumab (MEDI4736) plus olaparib and cediranib, durvalumab (MEDI4736) plus cediranib, or olaparib and cediranib, as measured by overall survival (OS), as compared to physician's choice standard of care chemotherapy, in patients with recurrent platinum-resistant ovarian, primary peritoneal or fallopian tube cancer who had prior bevacizumab.

OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 4 arms.

ARM I: Patients receive paclitaxel intravenously (IV) over 60 minutes on days 1, 8, and 15, or pegylated liposomal doxorubicin hydrochloride IV over 60 minutes on day 1, or topotecan hydrochloride IV over 30 minutes on days 1, 8 and 15 or days 1-5 per the discretion of the treating physician. Cycles repeat every 21 or 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may undergo echocardiography (ECHO) or multigated acquisition scan (MUGA) during screening and as clinically indicated on study. Patients also undergo collection of blood and computed tomography (CT) with contrast during screening, and CT or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans throughout the trial.

ARM II: Patients receive durvalumab IV over 60 minutes on day 1, cediranib maleate orally (PO) once daily (QD) Monday through Friday, and olaparib PO twice daily (BID) on days 1-28. Cycles repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may undergo ECHO or MUGA during screening and as clinically indicated on study. Patients also undergo collection of blood and CT with contrast during screening, and CT or MRI scans throughout the trial.

ARM III: Patients receive durvalumab IV over 60 minutes on day 1 and cediranib maleate PO QD Monday through Friday. Cycles repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may undergo ECHO or MUGA during screening and as clinically indicated on study. Patients also undergo collection of blood and CT with contrast during screening, and CT or MRI scans throughout the trial.

ARM IV: Patients receive cediranib maleate PO QD on days 1-28 and olaparib PO BID on days 1-28. Cycles repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may undergo ECHO or MUGA during screening and as clinically indicated on study. Patients also undergo collection of blood and CT with contrast during screening, and CT or MRI scans throughout the trial.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up periodically for up to 5 years.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Women with recurrent/persistent platinum-resistant ovarian, primary peritoneal, or fallopian tube cancers; platinum-resistant disease is defined as progression within < 6 months from completion of platinum based therapy. The date should be calculated from the last administered dose of platinum therapy

• Patients must have histologically or cytologically confirmed ovarian cancer, peritoneal cancer or fallopian tube cancer and must have a histological diagnosis of high grade serous, grade 3 endometrioid or clear cell carcinoma based on local histopathological findings. Patients with low grade serous, grade 1 or 2 endometrioid, mixed epithelial, undifferentiated carcinoma, or mucinous carcinoma histologies are also eligible, provided that the patient has a known deleterious BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation identified through testing at a clinical laboratory. Histologic confirmation of the original primary tumor is required via the pathology report (upload of report required). Confirmation of BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline and/or somatic mutation status and hormone receptor (HR) status is required for all entered patients (if available) via testing report (upload of report[s] required)

• Evaluable disease - defined as RECIST 1.1 measurable disease OR non-measurable disease (defined as solid and/or cystic abnormalities on radiographic imaging that do not meet RECIST 1.1 definitions for target lesions OR ascites and/or pleural effusion that has been pathologically demonstrated to be disease-related in the setting of a CA125 >= 2 x upper limit of normal [ULN])

• Prior therapy:

  • At least two prior treatment regimens (including primary therapy) but up to 5 lines of systemic anticancer therapy. Hormonal therapy (such as tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors) will not count as a previous treatment regimen.
  • Prior use of bevacizumab in the upfront or recurrent setting is required.
  • Prior use of PARP inhibitor is allowed.
  • Prior use of immune checkpoint blockade (e.g., a PD-L1/PD-1inhibitor or a CTLA-4 inhibitor) is allowed

• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0, 1, or 2

• Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1,500/mcL

• Hemoglobin >= 10 g/dL

• Platelets >= 100,000/mcL

• Creatinine clearance (CrCL) or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of > 50 mL/min estimated using either the Cockcroft-Gault equation, the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study, or as reported in the comprehensive metabolic panel/basic metabolic panel (eGFR)

• Urine protein: creatinine ratio (UPC) of =< 1

• Total serum bilirubin level =< 1.5 x ULN (patients with known Gilbert's disease who have bilirubin level =< 3 x ULN may be enrolled)

• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =< 3 x ULN

• Age >= 18 years

• Body weight > 30 kg

• Adequately controlled blood pressure (systolic blood pressure [SBP] =< 140; diastolic blood pressure [DBP] =< 90 mmHg) on a maximum of three antihypertensive medications. Patients must have a BP of =< 140/90 mmHg taken in the clinic setting by a medical professional within 2 weeks prior to study registration. It is strongly recommended that patients who are on three antihypertensive medications be followed by a cardiologist or a primary care physician for management of BP while on protocol. Patients must be willing and able to check and record daily blood pressure readings. BP cuffs will be provided to patients randomized to the cediranib-containing arms

• Adequately controlled thyroid dysfunction with no symptoms of thyroid dysfunction and normal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). If TSH is not within normal range despite no symptoms of thyroid dysfunction, normal free T4 level is required

• Able to swallow and retain oral medications and no gastrointestinal (GI) illnesses that would preclude absorption of olaparib and cediranib as judged by treating physician

• Toxicities of prior therapy (excepting alopecia and vitiligo), should be resolved to less than or equal to grade 1 as per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v5.0

• Women of childbearing potential (WOCBP) must agree to use two forms of birth control (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence). Note: Definition of women of no longer having childbearing potential: Postmenopausal or evidence of non-childbearing status for women of childbearing potential as confirmed by a negative urine or serum pregnancy test within 7 days prior to start of study treatment. Postmenopausal is defined as: Age >= 60 years, or age < 60 with any one or more of the conditions below:

  • Amenorrhoeic for >= 1 year in the absence of chemotherapy and/or hormonal treatments,
  • Luteinizing hormone and/or follicle stimulating hormone and/or estradiol levels in the post-menopausal range,
  • Radiation-induced oophorectomy with last menses > 1 year ago,
  • Chemotherapy-induced menopause with > 1 year interval since last menses,
  • Surgical sterilization (bilateral oophorectomy or hysterectomy)

• The patient or a legally authorized representative must provide study-specific informed consent prior to study entry and authorization permitting release of personal health information

Exclusion Criteria:

• Primary platinum-refractory disease defined as progression during first-line platinum-based chemotherapy

• Rising CA-125 only without RECIST 1.1 evaluable disease

• Prior therapy:

  • Patients who have had chemotherapy, investigational drugs or radiotherapy within 3 weeks prior to study registration or those who have not recovered from adverse events due to agents administered more than 3 weeks earlier.

  • Patients may not have had hormonal therapy within 2 weeks of study registration. Patients receiving raloxifene for bone health as per Food and Drug Administration (FDA) indication may remain on raloxifene absent other drug interactions.

  • Prior use of concurrent olaparib and cediranib combination.

  • Patients who have experienced immune-mediated adverse events requiring dose modification or discontinuation.

  • For patients who have received prior PARP inhibitor:

    • Patients who have required dose modification or dose reduction of olaparib will not be eligible, as they will not be able to start this study at full dose.
    • Patients who have required dose reduction of non-olaparib PARP inhibitors for hematologic adverse events will not be eligible (Note: niraparib that is initiated at 200mg daily per weight and platelet guidelines is not considered a dose reduction).
    • Patients who required dose-reduction of non-olaparib PARP inhibitors for non-hematologic adverse events may be eligible after discussion with the Study Chair if the treating investigator feels that they could appropriately receive olaparib at full dose.

• History of abdominal fistula, gastrointestinal perforation, or intra-abdominal abscess within 3 months prior to study registration

• Current signs and/or symptoms of bowel obstruction or signs and/or symptoms of bowel obstruction within 3 months of study registration except temporary (< 24 hr) improved with medical management, within last 3 months

• Any prior grade >= 3 immune-related adverse event (irAE) while receiving any previous immunotherapy agent, or any unresolved irAE > grade 1

• Dependency on IV hydration or total parenteral nutrition (TPN)

• Pregnant women. Because there is an unknown but potential risk of adverse events in nursing infants secondary to treatment of the mother with these drugs, breastfeeding should be discontinued. These potential risks may also apply to other agents used in this study

• Patients with a prior or concurrent malignancy whose natural history or treatment does not have the potential to interfere with the safety or efficacy assessment of the investigational regimen are eligible for this trial

• Patients with untreated brain metastases, spinal cord compression, or evidence of symptomatic brain metastases or leptomeningeal disease as noted on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans should not be included on this study, since neurologic dysfunction may confound the evaluation of neurologic and other adverse events. Patients with treated brain metastases and resolution of any associated symptoms must demonstrate stable post-therapeutic imaging for at least 6 months following therapy prior to starting study registration

• Patients who have the following clinical conditions are considered to be at increased risk for cardiac toxicities. Patients with any cardiac history of the following conditions:

  • History of myocardial infarction or myocarditis within six months of study registration
  • Unstable angina
  • Resting electrocardiogram (ECG) with clinically significant abnormal findings.
  • New York Heart Association functional classification of III or IV

• If cardiac function assessment is clinically indicated or performed: left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) less than normal per institutional guidelines, or < 55%, if threshold for normal not otherwise specified by institutional guidelines. Patients with the following risk factors should have a baseline cardiac function assessment:

  • Prior treatment with anthracyclines
  • Prior treatment with trastuzumab or T-DM1
  • Prior central thoracic radiation therapy (RT), including RT to the heart
  • History of myocardial infarction within 6 to 12 months (Patients with history of myocardial infarction within 6 months are excluded from the study)
  • Prior history of impaired cardiac function

• History of stroke or transient ischemic attack within six months of study registration

• Clinically significant peripheral vascular disease or vascular disease (aortic aneurysm or aortic dissection)

• Major surgical procedure (as defined by the Investigator) within 28 days prior to the first dose of study treatment. Patients must have recovered from any effects of any major surgery and surgical wound should have healed prior to starting treatment. Note: Local surgery of isolated lesions for palliative intent is acceptable

• Evidence of coagulopathy or bleeding diathesis. Therapeutic anticoagulation for prior thromboembolic events, including warfarin, is permitted. Patients receiving warfarin are recommended to have careful monitoring of international normalized ratio (INR)

• Evidence suggestive of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) on peripheral blood smear or bone marrow biopsy, if clinically indicated. No prior allogeneic bone marrow transplant or double umbilical cord blood transplantation (dUBCT)

• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients due to potential drug and drug interactions

• Patients may not use any complementary or alternative medicines including natural herbal products or folk remedies as they may interfere with the effectiveness of the study treatments

• Receipt of live attenuated vaccine within 30 days prior to the first dose of study treatment. Note: Patients, if enrolled, should not receive live vaccine whilst receiving study treatment and up to 30 days after the last dose of study treatment

• Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia (other than atrial fibrillation with controlled ventricular rate), or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements, substantially increase risk of incurring adverse events or compromise the ability of the patient to given written informed consent

• Patients receiving any medications or substances that are strong inhibitors or inducers of CYP3A4. Dihydropyridine calcium-channel blockers are permitted for management of hypertension

• Current or prior use of immunosuppressive medication within 14 days of study registration. The following are exceptions to this criterion:

  • Intranasal, inhaled, topical steroids, or local steroid injections (e.g., intra articular injection)
  • Systemic corticosteroids at physiologic doses not to exceed 10 mg/day of prednisone or its equivalent
  • Steroids as premedication for hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., CT scan premedication)

• History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to durvalumab, olaparib, or cediranib

• Patients with active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in the past 2 years (i.e., with use of disease modifying agents, corticosteroids, or immunosuppressive drugs). Replacement therapy (e.g., thyroxine, insulin, or physiologic corticosteroid replacement therapy for adrenal or pituitary insufficiency, etc.) is not considered a form of systemic treatment

• Active infection including tuberculosis (clinical evaluation that includes clinical history, physical examination and radiographic findings, and tuberculosis [TB] testing in line with local practice), hepatitis B (known positive hepatitis B virus [HBV] surface antigen (HBsAg) result), or hepatitis C. Patients with a past or resolved HBV infection (defined as the presence of hepatitis B core antibody [anti-HBc] and absence of HBsAg) are eligible. Patients positive for hepatitis C (HCV) antibody are eligible only if polymerase chain reaction is negative for hepatitis C virus (HCV) ribonucleic acid (RNA)

• Patients who have a history of (non-infectious) pneumonitis that required steroids, or current pneumonitis