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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Seoul National University Bundang Hospital | OTHER |
| Children's Hospital Los Angeles | OTHER |
| Royal Manchester Children's Hospital | UNKNOWN |
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The aim of this study is to explore the efficacy and safety of the extended reality (XR)-based basic life support (BLS) training.
Conventional CPR training is based on the use of a manikin and a training video. Though several feedback devices have been developed to improve the effectiveness of the training, they were neither realistic nor immersive. In addition, in conventional training programs, trainees are constrained in terms of time and location, as they are usually kept to a schedule.
Virtual reality (VR) technology, which was designed to maximize immersion, could be used to overcome those limitations, which in turn may improve the effectiveness of CPR training. However, even with VR technology, procedures such as chest compressions, ventilation, and defibrillation cannot be implemented as in the real world. Extended reality (XR), which combines the virtual and real worlds, could overcome these limitations by facilitating the use of real-world manikins in the virtual environment.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conventional group | Sham Comparator | Conventional CPR training consists of a BLS video and a manikin equipped with a feedback device. |
|
| XR group | Active Comparator | The XR group participants will be provided training via the XR BLS module and are allotted an additional 2 minutes that is needed to adapt to the XR equipment. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| extended-reality CPR training | Other | extended-reality technologies based CPR training module |
| |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| mean compression depth, mm | compression depth | Test sessions on day 1 (during 5 minutes) after 1 hour training |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| the total number of chest compressions (n) | The total number of chest compressions | Test sessions on day 1 (during 5 minutes) after 1 hour training |
| the mean chest compression depth(mm) | compression depth between 5cm and 6cm |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Participants who
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| You Hwan Jo, PhD | Seoul National University Bundang Hospital | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seoul National University Bundang Hospital | Seongnam-si | Gyeonggi-do | 13620 | South Korea |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23238423 | Background | Semeraro F, Frisoli A, Loconsole C, Banno F, Tammaro G, Imbriaco G, Marchetti L, Cerchiari EL. Motion detection technology as a tool for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) quality training: a randomised crossover mannequin pilot study. Resuscitation. 2013 Apr;84(4):501-7. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2012.12.006. Epub 2012 Dec 10. | |
| 21227560 |
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| conventional CPR training |
| Other |
conventional CPR training with video |
|
| Test sessions on day 1 (during 5 minutes) after 1 hour training |
| correct hand position (n, percent) | The American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines describe the correct hand position for chest compression as the lower half of the victim's sternum in the centre of the chest, between the nipples. | Test sessions on day 1 (during 5 minutes) after 1 hour training |
| adequate compression depth (n, percent) | compression depth between 5cm and 6cm | Test sessions on day 1 (during 5 minutes) after 1 hour training |
| compression and full release (n, percent) | full release after chest compression | Test sessions on day 1 (during 5 minutes) after 1 hour training |
| mean compression rate (number per minute) | mean compression rate | Test sessions on day 1 (during 5 minutes) after 1 hour training |
| adequate compression rate (percent) | compression rate between 100 and 120 per minute | Test sessions on day 1 (during 5 minutes) after 1 hour training |
| adequate compression depth and rate (percent) | adequate compression death and rate, simultaneously | Test sessions on day 1 (during 5 minutes) after 1 hour training |
| hands-off time (sec) | Interruptions of chest compressions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation | Test sessions on day 1 (during 5 minutes) after 1 hour training |
| The time interval from arrival on the scene to the first chest compression (sec) | The time interval from arrival on the scene to the first chest compression. | Test sessions on day 1 (during 5 minutes) after 1 hour training |
| AED use | Done/Not done | Test sessions on day 1 (during 5 minutes) after 1 hour training |
| Correct AED use | Yes/No | Test sessions on day 1 (during 5 minutes) after 1 hour training |
| Time from powering on the AED to defibrillation (sec) | Time from powering on the AED to defibrillation (sec) | Test sessions on day 1 (during 5 minutes) after 1 hour training |
| Time from checking for a response to defibrillation (sec) | Time from checking for a response to defibrillation (sec) | Test sessions on day 1 (during 5 minutes) after 1 hour training |
| Semeraro F, Taggi F, Tammaro G, Imbriaco G, Marchetti L, Cerchiari EL. iCPR: a new application of high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation training. Resuscitation. 2011 Apr;82(4):436-41. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.11.023. Epub 2011 Jan 11. |
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| 17452070 | Background | Roppolo LP, Pepe PE, Campbell L, Ohman K, Kulkarni H, Miller R, Idris A, Bean L, Bettes TN, Idris AH. Prospective, randomized trial of the effectiveness and retention of 30-min layperson training for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillators: The American Airlines Study. Resuscitation. 2007 Aug;74(2):276-85. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2006.12.017. Epub 2007 Apr 23. |
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| 32270695 | Background | Edelson DP, Sasson C, Chan PS, Atkins DL, Aziz K, Becker LB, Berg RA, Bradley SM, Brooks SC, Cheng A, Escobedo M, Flores GE, Girotra S, Hsu A, Kamath-Rayne BD, Lee HC, Lehotsky RE, Mancini ME, Merchant RM, Nadkarni VM, Panchal AR, Peberdy MAR, Raymond TT, Walsh B, Wang DS, Zelop CM, Topjian AA; American Heart Association ECC Interim COVID Guidance Authors. Interim Guidance for Basic and Advanced Life Support in Adults, Children, and Neonates With Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19: From the Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee and Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation Adult and Pediatric Task Forces of the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020 Jun 23;141(25):e933-e943. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047463. Epub 2020 Apr 9. No abstract available. |
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| 25252721 | Background | Stiell IG, Brown SP, Nichol G, Cheskes S, Vaillancourt C, Callaway CW, Morrison LJ, Christenson J, Aufderheide TP, Davis DP, Free C, Hostler D, Stouffer JA, Idris AH; Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Investigators. What is the optimal chest compression depth during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation of adult patients? Circulation. 2014 Nov 25;130(22):1962-70. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.008671. Epub 2014 Sep 24. |
| 34930418 | Derived | Lee DK, Im CW, Jo YH, Chang T, Song JL, Luu C, Mackinnon R, Pillai S, Lee CN, Jheon S, Ahn S, Won SH. Comparison of extended reality and conventional methods of basic life support training: protocol for a multinational, pragmatic, noninferiority, randomised clinical trial (XR BLS trial). Trials. 2021 Dec 20;22(1):946. doi: 10.1186/s13063-021-05908-z. |