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Our study aims to investigate whether our CoronAviRus educaTional prOgram fOr children (CARTOON) facilitates the adherence to hygiene measures and is feasible to dispel fear in preschool children (3-6 years old) during the pandemic.
This prospective randomized controlled trial will be performed at four kindergartens in Vienna, Austria. About 60 children between three and six years of age attending kindergarten will be included in the study. Prior inclusion in the study eligible adults have to sign a parental consent form. We will randomly assign 30 children to the intervention group (n=30) and 30 children to the control group (n=30). Depending on the randomization (intervention group vs. control group), children either receive our CARTOON (intervention group) or no educational training (control group).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control Group | No Intervention | Participants received no specific educational program | |
| Intervention Group | Experimental | Participants received our educational program for five days, with one teaching session per day. Every teaching session will be conducted for 60 minutes in a group of up to 6 children by a trained member of our staff. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Educational Program (CARTOON) | Other | CARTOON is an interdisciplinary psychoeducational intervention program. It consists of five teaching sessions: 1) hand hygiene, not grasping the face, 2) sneezing etiquette, 3) wearing a mask, 4) social distancing, and 5) theoretical knowledge about the coronavirus. Using special exercises and games, information about the coronavirus is conveyed in a child friendly manner. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change of Emotional Outcome | For the assessment of emotional wellbeing, fear, and burden during the pandemic we will use the emotional scale which measure feelings including emotional wellbeing, fear, and burden. Since it is often hard for children to describe their own feelings with words, we will use the emotional scales of Gräßler and colleagues. These scales use child-friendly illustrated pictures and can be used to support the children in naming their feelings including emotional wellbeing, fear, and burden. | Baseline (before the intervention), 1 day after the intervention and three months after the intervention |
| Change of Knowledge Outcome | The corona quiz consists of a 18-item questionnaire and covers theoretical and practical knowledge. Content validity of the knowledge test was reviewed by an expert panel consisting of three psychologists with expertise in children health, one kindergarten teacher, and one pediatrician. | Baseline (before the intervention), 1 day after the intervention and three months after the intervention |
| Baseline Behavior of the Participants | Behavior will be assessed by using the parent and teacher reported Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The CBCL is a questionnaire for parents and teachers revealing behavioral problems of children and adolescents. In the CBCL/1.5-5, two evaluation methods are available. In the first evaluation method, questions are grouped in seven empirically based problem scales including emotionally reactive, anxious/depressed, aggressive behavior, attention problems, somatic complaints, sleep problems, and withdrawn. | Baseline (before the intervention) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Nationality of parents | Is there a correlation of the Nationality of the parents with emotional and knowledge outcomes of the children | Baseline (before the intervention) |
| First language of parents |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Philipp Steinbauer, Dr. | Comprehensive Center For Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Intensive Care Medicine and Neuropediatrics | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medical University of Vienna | Vienna | 1020 | Austria |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 40292121 | Derived | Steinbauer P, Bichler M, Fuiko R, Seferagic S, Haas H, Lisy T, Weinmuller S, Berger A, Olischar M, Panagl A, Giordano V. CARTOON-based educational intervention for children to foster hygiene knowledge and emotional resilience in preschool children: a randomized controlled trial. Front Pediatr. 2025 Apr 11;13:1514793. doi: 10.3389/fped.2025.1514793. eCollection 2025. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000086382 | COVID-19 |
| D065886 | Neurodevelopmental Disorders |
| D013315 | Stress, Psychological |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011024 | Pneumonia, Viral |
| D011014 | Pneumonia |
| D012141 | Respiratory Tract Infections |
| D007239 | Infections |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004522 | Educational Status |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012959 | Socioeconomic Factors |
| D011154 | Population Characteristics |
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Is there a correlation of the first language of the parents with emotional and knowledge outcomes of the children
| Baseline (before the intervention) |
| Highest degree of school education | Is there a correlation of the highest degree of school education of the parents with emotional and knowledge outcomes of the children | Baseline (before the intervention) |
| Profession of the parents | Is there a correlation of the profession of the parents with emotional and knowledge outcomes of the children | Baseline (before the intervention) |
| Financial standing of the parents | Is there a correlation of the financial standing of the parents with emotional and knowledge outcomes of the children | Baseline (before the intervention) |
| Housing conditions of the family | Is there a correlation of the housing condition of the family with emotional and knowledge outcomes of the children | Baseline (before the intervention) |
| Psychological or physical illness in the family | Is there a correlation of the psychological or physical burden in the family with emotional and knowledge outcomes of the children | Baseline (before the intervention) |
| D014777 |
| Virus Diseases |
| D018352 | Coronavirus Infections |
| D003333 | Coronaviridae Infections |
| D030341 | Nidovirales Infections |
| D012327 | RNA Virus Infections |
| D008171 | Lung Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |