The Use of Midazolam as Adjuvant to Bupivacaine Intrathecal Anesthesia for Children Undergoing Lower Abdominal Surgeries.

Evaluation of the Intraoperative and PO Analgesic Outcome of Using Midazolam as Adjuvant to Bupivacaine Intrathecal Anesthesia for Children Undergoing Lower Abdominal Surgeries.

The study will be carried on children undergoing lower abdominal surgeries. Patients will be randomly categorized into two study groups. Group A will include patients who will receive bupivacaine intrathecal injection without adjuvant. Group B will include patients who will receive bupivacaine and preservative-free midazolam.

Inclusion Criteria:

• All children aged 3-12 years, assigned for lower abdominal and pelvic surgeries and will be ASA grade I after obtaining written fully informed parental consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with congenital anomalies especially of the spine, infections in the skin of the back, had coagulopathy, or allergy to the study drugs and those whose parents refused to give the consent .