Promotion of Sleep for Patients Submitted to Percutaneous Intervention to Treat Heart Diseases

Promotion of Sleep for Patients Submitted to Percutaneous Intervention to Treat Heart Diseases: Randomized Clinical Trial

Patients undergoing treatment for heart disease through percutaneous interventions admitted to intensive care units often suffer from sleep deprivation, with multifactorial factors being the precursors of this problem. Sleep deprivation has a negative impact on rehabilitation, with increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, implementing non-pharmacological measures for this population is essential for better quality care, as well as more satisfactory experiences. The Objectives are to evaluate whether the non-pharmacological intervention that includes the use of eye masks and hearing protectors has an influence on the quality of sleep of patients undergoing percutaneous interventions for the treatment of heart diseases admitted to the intensive care unit, to compare the quality of sleep between patients according to sociodemographic and clinical variables and to identify whether anxiety is a factor associated with sleep quality in patients undergoing percutaneous interventions for the treatment of heart disease in patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Randomized clinical trial blinded to the steps of data collection and data analysis, with two groups of participants in which the intervention with eye masks and ear protectors will be evaluated. The inclusion criteria in the study will be patients undergoing percutaneous intervention treatment for heart disease over the age of 18, preserved communication skills and understanding. The study site will be a cardiac intensive care unit in a private hospital of high complexity in the city of São Paulo. The intervention will be carried out during the period of hospitalization in the intensive care unit, by nurses trained by the researcher from 9 pm until the patient awakens, and variables related to sleep quality, anxiety, pain, delirium and length of stay will be collected. in bed. The sample will consist of 80 patients divided into two groups (intervention and control) and the data will be analyzed with descriptive statistics, with Student t test and Mann Whitney test for comparison between groups and with Chi-square test and Spearman for analysis of categorical variables. . Relative risk, odds ratio will be calculated and the level of significance adopted will be 5%. It is intended to know if the non-pharmacological intervention brings benefits to reduce sleep deprivation and contributes to better clinical outcomes.

The intervention to promote sleep in patients undergoing percutaneous intervention to treat cardiac disorders admitted to the ICU will be the use of ear protectors and eye masks. The purpose of the intervention is to promote sleep in this population by reducing noise and light in the Intensive Care Unit environment. The devices used will be the use of black silk masks with elastic for protection of the eyes against light and a silicone ear protector to reduce environmental noise. The procedure will consist of the following steps: application of the free and informed consent form, sleep assessment instruments, trait and state anxiety and collection of sociodemographic and clinical data and randomization in the arms of the study at the patient's admission to the ICU, guidance on the use of devices from 21 hours and until awakening, measurement of noise and brightness at the time of placing the devices, application of the visual sleep scale in the morning during the physical examination, note every two hours on a specific form whether the patient remains with the devices. These steps will be performed by the interventionist nurses who will be trained by the main researcher and will approach the patients in the inpatient unit or in the Intensive Care Unit after admission.

The intervention will be applied only in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, and after discharge from the ICU, patients will be able to use it if they want the devices to sleep.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age over 18 years.
2. Have the ability to communicate verbally and understand what is requested in the assessment instruments, according to the nurse's initial assessment performed on admission.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Report of a serious sleep disorder that requires daily treatment before hospitalization, such as sleep apnea, narcolepsy and chronic insomnia.
2. Presence of severe complication (aortic dissection, bleeding or stroke after the procedure) related to the treatment.
3. Presence of delirium as assessed in the medical record.
4. Severe hearing and visual loss.
5. History of neurological disease or diagnosed psychiatric disorders.
6. Admission to the Intensive Care Unit between the hours of 9:00 pm to 6:00 am after the percutaneous intervention procedure.
7. Treatment with mechanical ventilation.
8. Need for sedation while in the ICU.
9. Who are not fluent in the Portuguese language.