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Percutaneous electrolysis is a minimally invasive approach that consists in the application of a galvanic current through an acupuncture needle. Although several mechanisms and effects are attributed to percutaneous electrolysis, currently there are only a few publications that delve into this topic. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of percutaneous electrolysis on the endogenous pain modulation. Four groups of intervention will be involved: no-intervention, isolated needling procedure, low intensity percutaneous electrolysis and high intensity percutaneous electrolysis. The effects on the pain modulation system will be evaluated before and immediately after the intervention, through pressure pain thresholds, conditioned pain modulation and temporal summation.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Needling Group | Sham Comparator | The needle will be inserted for 90 seconds without galvanic current. |
|
| Low intensity percutaneous electrolysis | Experimental | A single impact of galvanic current will be applied with an intensity of 0.3 mA for 90 seconds. |
|
| High intensity percutaneous electrolysis | Experimental | Three impacts of galvanic current will be applied with an intensity of 3 mA and a duration of 3 seconds each. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isolated needling procedure | Procedure | The needle will be inserted into the common extensor tendon of the epicondyle (dominant elbow) for 90 seconds without galvanic current. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline Conditioned Pain Modulation (evaluated by pressure algometry) immediately after the intervention | Assessed by algometry. Conditioning stimulus: pressure cuff on the arm. Measured at three locations (bilaterally): common extensor tendon of the epicondyle, cervical spine and tibialis anterior muscle. | Baseline and immediately after the intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline Pressure Pain Thresholds immediately after the intervention | Assessed by algometry. Measured at three locations (bilaterally): common extensor tendon of the epicondyle, cervical spine and tibialis anterior muscle. | Baseline and immediately after the intervention |
| Change from baseline Temporal Summation (evaluated by VNRS) immediately after the intervention |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Facultad de EnfermerÃa y Fisioterapia de la Universidad de Salamanca | Salamanca | 37007 | Spain |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 28135129 | Background | Garcia Bermejo P, De La Cruz Torres B, Naranjo Orellana J, Albornoz Cabello M. Autonomic Responses to Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Needle Electrolysis: Effect of Needle Puncture or Electrical Current? J Altern Complement Med. 2018 Jan;24(1):69-75. doi: 10.1089/acm.2016.0339. Epub 2017 Jan 30. | |
| 25122629 | Background |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| Low intensity percutaneous electrolysis | Procedure | Once the needle is located in the common extensor tendon of the epicondyle (dominant elbow), a single impact of galvanic current will be applied with an intensity of 0.3 mA for 90 seconds. |
|
| High intensity percutaneous electrolysis | Procedure | The needle will be inserted in the target position during the same time as in the other groups (90 seconds). During the first stage of intervention the needle will be imbedded without galvanic current and when the end of the application time approaches (approximately 75 seconds) three impacts of galvanic current will be applied with an intensity of 3 mA and a duration of 3 seconds each. |
|
Assessed by Verbal Numeric Rating Scale (11-point). Temporary stimuli: 10 consecutive pressures with the algometer at the intensity of the pressure pain threshold. Three locations (bilaterally): common extensor tendon of the epicondyle, cervical spine and tibialis anterior muscle. |
| Baseline and immediately after the intervention |
| Valera-Garrido F, Minaya-Munoz F, Medina-Mirapeix F. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous needle electrolysis in chronic lateral epicondylitis: short-term and long-term results. Acupunct Med. 2014 Dec;32(6):446-54. doi: 10.1136/acupmed-2014-010619. Epub 2014 Aug 13. |
| 25332934 | Background | Abat F, Diesel WJ, Gelber PE, Polidori F, Monllau JC, Sanchez-Ibanez JM. Effectiveness of the Intratissue Percutaneous Electrolysis (EPI(R)) technique and isoinertial eccentric exercise in the treatment of patellar tendinopathy at two years follow-up. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 2014 Jul 14;4(2):188-93. eCollection 2014 Apr. |
| 25699686 | Background | Nir RR, Yarnitsky D. Conditioned pain modulation. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care. 2015 Jun;9(2):131-7. doi: 10.1097/SPC.0000000000000126. |
| 31354339 | Background | Fernandez-de-Las-Penas C, Nijs J. Trigger point dry needling for the treatment of myofascial pain syndrome: current perspectives within a pain neuroscience paradigm. J Pain Res. 2019 Jun 18;12:1899-1911. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S154728. eCollection 2019. |
| 30146050 | Background | Damien J, Colloca L, Bellei-Rodriguez CE, Marchand S. Pain Modulation: From Conditioned Pain Modulation to Placebo and Nocebo Effects in Experimental and Clinical Pain. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2018;139:255-296. doi: 10.1016/bs.irn.2018.07.024. Epub 2018 Aug 14. |
| 37847947 | Derived | Sanchez-Gonzalez JL, Navarro-Lopez V, Calderon-Diez L, Varela-Rodriguez S, Fernandez-de-Las-Penas C, Sanchez-Sanchez JL. Effectiveness of different percutaneous electrolysis protocols in the endogenous modulation of pain: A Double-Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2023 Nov;68:102872. doi: 10.1016/j.msksp.2023.102872. Epub 2023 Oct 11. |