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Pain is one of the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease still poorly known and misdiagnosed and its management is complex. This encourage to explore new non-drug therapeutic paths, such as foot reflexology (FR). the present study proposed a comparison of the evolution of different parameters, quantitative and qualitative, to identify biomarkers and highlight the specific effect of FR on pain, compared to sham massage.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the destruction of specific neurons population involved in movement control. Pain is one of the non-motor symptoms still poorly known and misdiagnosed. In addition to this fact, its management is complex. At present, the medical community has no effective solution to reduce pain to an acceptable level in terms of intensity or frequency.
Pain is a personal, subjective experience with an affective and cognitive dimension. The context and its psychological impact can amplify as well as alleviate the pain. Thus, non-pharmacological treatment (NPT) that influence the psychological state (mood, level of stress, ...) can also modulate the pain experience through the brain matrix of pain. Among them, foot reflexology, which by stimulating reflex zones located on the feet, makes it possible to modify the perception of the pain and to modify the subjective / emotional valence of the pain. In this study, we propose to evaluate this technique, by postulating that it should reduce the chronic pain of patients with Parkinson's disease.
This project is innovative and original in two dimensions : On the one hand, the pain of patients in PD is still often underestimated, there is in the mere fact of devoting a study a real dynamic of change in the consideration of the patients concerned and in the management of this non-motor symptom. On the other hand, the increasing use of NPT requires that clinical studies be conducted. To date, it is clear that very few or no reliable studies have been conducted on the subject. We wish to develop complementary non-pharmacological management to provide concrete help to Parkinson's patients and thus initiate the scientific validation of NPT as recommended by the High Authority of Health.
The study hypothesize that through a comparison of the evolution of different parameters, quantitative and qualitative, this study will allow to identify biomarkers and highlight the specific effect of FR on pain, compared to sham massage.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| reflexology massage | Experimental | foot reflexology massage |
|
| sham massage | Placebo Comparator | traditional foot massage |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| reflexology massage | Procedure | the patient receive only foot reflexology massage |
| |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| evaluation of changes in the mean intensity of chronic pain | Visual Analog Scale (VAS) ok pain (0 is no pain, 10 is the most high pain) | Day 1 and week 12 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| evaluation of the change in pain on the VAS | Visual Analog Scale of change of pain (0 is no pain, 10 is the most high pain) | Day 1, week 3, week 6, week 9 and week 12 |
| evaluation of change in chronic pain |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Christine BREFEL-COURBON, MD | University Hospital, Toulouse | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University Hospital of Toulouse | Toulouse | France |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41282613 | Derived | Boussac M, Harroch E, Joineau K, Descamps E, Brefel-Courbon C. Neuro-functional correlates of personality dimensions in Parkinson's disease. Front Pharmacol. 2025 Nov 7;16:1705937. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1705937. eCollection 2025. | |
| 40720491 | Derived | Joineau K, Harroch E, Boussac M, Fabbri M, Leung C, Ory-Magne F, Rousseau V, Peran P, Brefel-Courbon C, Descamps E. Effect of foot reflexology on chronic pain in Parkinson's disease: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2025 Jul 28;20(7):e0327865. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0327865. eCollection 2025. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010300 | Parkinson Disease |
| D010146 | Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020734 | Parkinsonian Disorders |
| D001480 | Basal Ganglia Diseases |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D026201 | Musculoskeletal Manipulations |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000529 | Complementary Therapies |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D026741 | Physical Therapy Modalities |
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |
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a group has intervention, a group has placebo intervention
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placebo is a traditional massage instead of a intervention reflexology massage
| sham massage |
| Procedure |
the patient receive only foot traditional massage |
|
King's Parkinson's disease Pain Scale (KPPS)
| Day 1 and week 12 |
| evaluation of change in chronic pain | Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) | Day 1 and week 12 |
| evaluation of change in chronic pain | Primary Parkinsonian Pain Diagnostic Questionnaire (3PDQ) | Day 1 and week 12 |
| evaluation of the consumption of analgesics | completion by the patient of a logbook of analgesic treatments | Day 1, week 3, week 6, week 9 and week 12 |
| evaluation of anxiety and depression | Hospital Anxiety Depression (HAD) scale | Day 1 and week 12 |
| connectivity of brain networks | observation of connectivity cards by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) | Day 1 and week 12 |
| evaluation of the threshold of perception of subjective warm pain | contact thermode is used to dermine the threshold of perception | Day 1, week 9 and week 12 |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D009069 | Movement Disorders |
| D000080874 | Synucleinopathies |
| D019636 | Neurodegenerative Diseases |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |