Stroke is thought to cause disability immediately after stroke followed by a 3-to-6-month recovery period, after which disability levels are supposed to stabilize unless recurrent events occur. However, studies showed that post-stroke recovery is heterogeneous. While some stroke survivors quickly recover, others may show an accelerated accumulation of disability over time. The current prospective observational study will investigate trajectories of multidimensional functioning and self-rated health in the year after stroke. Particularly, the study aims to explore the relationship between trajectories of disability and self-rated health. Moreover, the study will focus on potential predictors of changes in disability and self-rated health, i.e., views on aging and psychological resilience. Patients will be recruited during their stay at the stroke unit and participate in a face-to-face interview and four follow-up telephone interviews in the post-stroke year.

Ischemic strokes have shown to have long-term impact on functional health apart from their acute effects on neurological functioning. Stroke survivors may experience long-term physical disability, psychopathological symptoms and cognitive decline. Even though these potential consequences are well studied, knowledge on post-stroke trajectories of multidimensional functional health according to the Word Health Organization's (WHO) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and their predictors is rare. Particularly, there is a lack of studies investigating the trajectories of self-rated health and different indicators of functional health in the year post-stroke. Therefore, the current study aims to explore trajectories of disability and self-rated health in the year post-stroke, and is the first to analyze the relationship between these trajectories. Thereby, the study addresses the research question whether changes in disability can be predicted by prior self-rated health or changes of self-rated health, and vice versa. Moreover, the study examines the correspondence between changes of disability and self-rated health in the year post-stroke. Additionally, views on aging and psychological resilience, which are relevant to coping processes, are studied as predictors of changes in disability and self-rated health. Patients recruited during their stay at the stroke unit will participate in one face-to-face interview in hospital and four telephone follow-up interviews at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months post-stroke. Moreover, physical functioning will be externally assessed during their hospital stay. To increase the knowledge on post-stroke trajectories of multidimensional health is of major importance to identify patients at risk for accelerated accumulation of disability. Findings from the current study may contribute to the improvement of post-stroke rehabilitation and secondary prevention.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age ≥ 50 years
• Acute ischemic stroke/high-risk transient ischemic attack (TIA; ABCD2 score ≥ 3)
• Language: Fluent in German
• Written informed consent of patient or caregiver

Exclusion Criteria:

• Low-risk TIA (ABCD2 score ≤ 2)
• Severe cognitive impairment (i.e., incomplete orientation)
• Severe communication disorder
• Index event > 5 days prior to enrolment
• Life expectancy < 1 year

Consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) are enrolled during their acute treatment (1-5 days post-acute ischemic stroke/TIA). Patients with an ABCD2 score ≤ 2 are excluded to reduce the chance of inclusion of patients with TIA mimic. The number of TIA patients is limited to 20% of the sample to avoid a bias towards TIA and to represent common incidents of acute ischemic stroke.